【摘要】 目的 通过对比研究2014年与2019年黑龙江省初中生烟草流行情况，为及时更新全省青少年控烟策略提供基础数据支撑。方法 采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法选择样本，分别于2014年及2019年采用入校问卷调查的模式开展在校初中生烟草流行情况监测。采用统计软件SAS 9.3及SPSS 19.0进行前期的数据清洗、整理以及后期的数据分析，率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 2014年及2019年，黑龙江省分别抽中10个监测县区，收集有效调查问卷4152份及4100份，男女生比例均为1∶0.98。2014年，黑龙江省初中生尝试吸卷烟率为13.5%,到2019年，该比例下降到8.9%(P<0.05)。初中生现在吸卷烟率从2014年的4.2%下降到2019年的3.4%(P<0.05)。包括家、室内公共场所、室外公共场所及公共交通工具在内的4类场所二手烟暴露率从2014年的44.7%、56.4%、59.7%、41.0%,分别下降到2019年的33.5%、41.4%、47.2%、25.20%,差异均有统计学意义。听说过电子烟的比例由2014年的61.4%上升到2019年的77.0%(P<0.05);现在使用电子烟的比例由2014年的1.3%上升到2019年的2.7%,(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论 通过对比2014年及2019年的调查结果，黑龙江省初中生烟草使用情况有所缓解，但是二手烟暴露情况以及电子烟使用情况仍然不容忽视，须引起相关部门的重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To compare the status quos of tobacco epidemic among middle school students in Heilongjiang Province in 2014 and 2019,in order to provide basic data support for timely updating tobacco control strategy for the youth in Heilongjiang Province. Methods Multi-stage stratified clustering random sampling was used to select the samples, and tobacco epidemic monitoring among middle school students was carried out with the mode of questionnaire survey in 2014 and 2019,respectively. The statistical software SAS 9.3 and SPSS 19.0 were used for data cleaning and sorting in the early stage and data analysis in the later stage, and chi-square test was used to compare the rates. Results In 2014 and 2019,ten counties and districts were selected from Heilongjiang Province separately, with 4152 effective questionnaires and 4100 questionnaires were collected, and the ratio of boys and girls was both 1 ∶0.98. In 2014,the rate of trying to smoke cigarettes among middle school students in Heilongjiang Province was 13.5%,and in 2019,this rate decreased to 8.9%(P<0.05). The rate of current smoking cigarettes among middle school students decreased from 4.2% in 2014 to 3.4% in 2019(P<0.05).The rate of second-hand smoking exposure in four places, including at home, indoor public places, outdoor public places and public transports, decreased from 44.7%,56.4%,59.7% and 41.0% in 2014 to 33.5%,41.4%,47.2% and 25.20% in 2019,respectively. The differences were all statistically significant. The rate of having heard of e-cigarettes increased from 61.4% in 2014 to 77.0% in 2019(P<0.05). The rate of current using of e-cigarettes increased from 1.3% in 2014 to 2.7% in 2019(P<0.05),the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Through comparing the survey results in 2014 and 2019,the situation of smoking cigarettes among middle school students in Heilongjiang Province has been relieved. However, the situation of second-hand smoking exposure and use of e-cigarettes could not be ignored, which should be paid much more attention by the relevant departments.更多还原