【摘要】 纳米科学和技术的快速革新为医疗和健康事业带来强有力的原始创新动力，使得越来越多的纳米材料在疾病的预防、诊断和治疗上得到深度应用，对满足人口老龄化和突发性公共卫生事件所带来的医学需求起到关键作用。伴随医用纳米材料的深入研究，纳米材料本身固有的生物活性也逐渐被发掘并获得重视。生物活性纳米材料是一类依赖于自身的纳米特性，即物理化学性质（尺寸、形貌、表面电荷、晶体结构及表面官能团等）而直接产生生物活性并可发挥疾病治疗作用的纳米材料。与现有的纳米药物制剂相比，生物活性纳米材料发挥药效仅依赖于自身理化性质，无药物释放过程，作用方式更为直接，因此有望获得更佳的治疗效果。目前，生物活性纳米材料已在感染性疾病、炎症性疾病、癌症和阿尔茨海默病等重大疾病的治疗中取得一定研究进展，但是生物活性纳米材料在其构效关系、体内命运、生物效应评价以及临床转化等方面的研究仍有待进一步突破。本文对生物活性纳米材料及其在重大疾病治疗中的应用进行综述，并深入分析现阶段生物活性纳米材料存在的关键科学问题和技术瓶颈，为我国在该领域实现快速发展提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Innovation in nano-science and technology has brought tremendous promising strategies for medical and healthcare services, which would facilitate the application of nanomaterials in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases for the aging processes and the outburst public health events. Along with the progress of medical nanomaterials, the natural biological activity of nanomaterial has also been gradually revealed. These bioactive nanomaterials, depending on their physical and chemical properties such as size, morphology,surface charge, crystal structure and surface functional groups, can directly produce biological activity for the treatment of major diseases. Compared with the existing nanomedicines, the therapeutic effects of bioactive nanomaterials do not depend on loaded drugs and show a more direct mode of action where it interacts with targets without drug release, which is expected to exhibit better outcomes. Recently, bioactive nanomaterials have been used for treating diseases such as infection,inflammation, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. However,the structure-function relationship, nanomaterials fate in vivo, biological effect evaluation as well as clinical translation of bioactive nanomaterials are yet to be further investigated. Hence, in this review we summarize the application of bioactive nanomaterials in major diseases and analyze the key scientific issues and technical challenges are bioactive nanomaterials, and finally we propose some suggestions for accelerating the development of bioactive nanomaterials in our country.更多还原