【摘要】 电工钢片磁滞特性的准确表征影响着变压器等电工产品电磁仿真结果的可靠性。随着电工产品服役工况复杂程度的增加，相较于侧重数学公式推演的唯象磁滞模型，物理磁滞模型具有物理概念明确、参数辨识过程简单，以及更适用于复杂工况的优势而逐渐引起国内外学者的关注。该文提出采用多尺度磁畴能量模型表征电工钢片的磁滞各向异性。引入磁滞能量密度函数表述磁化历史对当前磁化状态的影响，从磁矩旋转的角度更有效地描述与解释磁滞各向异性，用晶粒磁行为的平均值代表多晶体磁特征，实现从磁畴、晶粒到多晶的多尺度磁滞特性表征。同时，通过克尔显微镜对各向异性磁化过程磁畴动态变化进行观测，结合宏观磁滞回环解释电工钢片磁各向异性。最后，利用实验测量的磁滞回环验证了多尺度磁畴能量模型的有效性。研究结果表明，在保证一定计算精度的前提下，引入磁滞能量的多尺度磁畴能量模型简化了传统磁畴模型参数辨识过程，提高了计算效率，有助于推进物理磁滞模型的工程应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The accurate estimation of hysteresis characteristics in the electrical steel sheets affects the validity of electromagnetic simulation results of electrical equipment such as transformers. With the increasing complexity of the working conditions of electrical products, in comparison with the phenomenological hysteresis model that focuses on the derivation of mathematical formulas, the physical hysteresis model has gradually attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars due to such advantages as explicit physical concept, simple parameter identification process, and good suitability to complex working condition. This paper proposed a multi-scale magnetic domain energy model to describe the hysteresis anisotropy of electrical steel sheets. The hysteresis energy density function was employed to explain the effect of magnetization history on the present magnetization state,and a more effective description and explanation of hysteresis anisotropy from the perspective of magnetic moment rotation was presented. The average value of the crystal grain magnetic behavior was used to represent the polycrystalline magnetic characteristics, and then a multi-scale hysteresis characteristic was estimated from magnetic domain, crystal grain to polycrystalline. Meanwhile, a Kerr microscope was used to observe the dynamic changes of magnetic domains during the anisotropic magnetization process, and combined with the macroscopic hysteresis loop to explain the magnetic anisotropy of electrical steel sheets. At last, the experimentally measured hysteresis loops verified the validity of the multi-scale magnetic domain energy model. The research results show that the multi-scale magnetic domain energy model with the hysteresis energy can simplify the parameter identification process of conventional domain models, and improve the computation efficiency, which is helpful for advancing the engineering application of physical hysteresis models.更多还原