【摘要】 无障碍建设是城市轨道交通工程建设的重要内容。由1部法律、3个法规和3个标准规范构成了美国城市轨道交通无障碍制度。美国法律法规将消除歧视作为明确和全面的国家强制任务,残疾人与其他所有个人拥有同样的权利和责任;规定残疾人非歧视要求、实施和监管要求及技术要求;轨道车辆无障碍的最低要求。建筑和设施无障碍国家标准和联邦规范规定了建筑、设施、空间、场地及其无障碍要素的技术要求;建筑和设施的设计、建设和改造及强制实施的详细具体要求。美中对比认为,中国无障碍制度建设的目标、原则和法规与美国相比差距很大;现行无障碍建设表现为针对性需求的明显差距;城市轨道交通无障碍建设的法规和标准规范缺少无障碍要素及其定义;法规和标准规范较少考虑可操作性。美国的无障碍制度和标准规范值得关注和研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accessibility is an important part of urban rail transit construction. The accessibility system of urban rail transit in the United States is composed of one law, three regulations and three standards. U.S. laws and regulations take the elimination of discrimination as a clear and comprehensive national mandate, define that the disabled has the same rights and responsibilities as all other individuals; provide nondiscrimination, implementation and supervision requirements and technical requirements for disabled people; and the minimum requirements for the accessibility of rail vehicles. American national standards and federal regulations for accessibility of buildings and facilities specify the technical requirements for buildings, facilities, space, sites and their accessibility elements as well as the detailed requirements for the design, construction, alteration and enforcement of buildings and facilities. According to the comparison between the laws and regulations of the United States and that of China, there is a big gap between China and the United States in the objectives, principles and regulations of the accessible system development. The current accessibility development shows an obvious gap in targeted needs; the regulations and standards for accessibility of urban rail transit lack accessible elements and their definitions; regulations, standards and specifications give less consideration to operability. The accessibility system and standards in the United States are worth attention and research.更多还原