【摘要】 基于标准热阻和能量流法，推导出储热材料与换热流体的瞬态换热热阻，通过类比电路分析法，获得了储热-换热过程的瞬态热量流模型及动态响应时间常数.进一步引入节点温度，重新定义换热热阻，获得了储热与换热过程耦合的三阶电路瞬态热量流模型，求解得到了加热、储热和释热三类时间常数，可用于协同表征储热材料中储热与释热的快慢程度，从而实现了多类储热材料的归一化动态表征.通过数值模拟验证与应用对比分析，发现基于多时间常数的归一化动态模型用于表征储热材料的动态特性是可行的，可直接对不同换热、储热材料进行对比分析.案例分析发现与固体储热材料换热时，液态金属的动态换热能力优于熔融盐，而相比于水蒸气和CO2，空气与陶瓷材料换热能更快达到稳态.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the standard thermal resistance and the heat current method, the transient heat transfer thermal resistance between the heat storage material and the heat transfer fluid was deduced. With the analog circuit analysis method, the transient heat current model and dynamic response time constants of heat storage-heat exchange processes were obtained. Based on this model, the node temperature was introduced for refining the heat transfer thermal resistance, and the transient heat current model for the 3rd-order circuit coupled with the heat storage and heat transfer processes was obtained.Numerical simulation verification and application comparison indicate that, the normalized dynamic model based on multiple time constants is feasible to characterize the dynamic characteristics of heat storage materials, and can directly compare and analyze different heat exchange and heat storage materials. The case study shows that, for the heat exchange with solid heat storage materials, the liquid metal has better dynamic heat exchange capacity than the molten salt, while for the heat exchange with ceramic materials, the air reaches the steady state faster than water vapor and CO₂.更多还原