【摘要】 目的 促进抗菌药物的临床合理和规范使用。方法 回顾性分析某院2021年1月至12月使用抗菌药物58 864例患者的临床资料，按是否出现药品不良反应（ADR）分为ADR组（249例）和正常组（58 615例）。对影响抗菌药物ADR发生率的因素进行单因素分析；对不同级别抗菌药物ADR发生率的影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 抗菌药物ADR发生率，单因素分析结果显示，年龄、是否静脉给药、是否合并用药及不同抗菌药物级别是影响ADR发生率的重要影响因素。不同级别抗菌药物ADR发生率，单因素分析结果显示，年龄（<60岁和≥60岁）及是否静脉给药是影响ADR发生率的重要影响因素；多因素Logistic回归结果显示，年龄（<60岁和≥60岁）为独立危险因素。ADR累及器官/系统主要为皮肤（34.53%）;ADR类型以一般ADR为主（95.18%），发生时间集中于用药120 min后（77.51%）；不合理用药33例，主要为滴注速率过快。结论 该院仍存在不合理用药情况。应加强医师、护士和药师的相关培训，加强用药监测，以避免严重ADR和新的ADR发生，促进合理用药。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo promote the rational and standardized clinical use of antibiotics.MethodsThe clinical data of 58 864patients treated with antibiotics from January to December 2021 in a hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into the adverse drug reactions(ADR) group(249 cases) and the normal group(58615 cases) according to whether there was ADR. The univariate analysis was conducted on the factors affecting the incidence of ADR of antibiotics. The univariate analysis and multiple Logistic regression were conducted on the factors affecting the incidence of ADR of antibiotics with different levels.ResultsThe results of the univariate analysis on the incidence of ADR of antibiotics showed that age,intravenous administration,drug combination and different levels of antibiotics were important factors affecting the incidence of ADR. The results of the univariate analysis on the incidence of ADR of antibiotics with different levels showed that age(< 60 years old and ≥ 60years old) and intravenous administration were important factors affecting the incidence of ADR. The results of the multiple Logistic regression showed that age(< 60 years old and ≥ 60 years old) was an independent risk factor. The organs/systems involved in ADR were mainly skin(34. 53%). ADR type was mainly general ADR(95. 18%),which mainly occurred 120 min after drug administration(77. 51%). There were 33 cases of irrational drug use,mainly caused by the fast speed of intravenous infusion.ConclusionThe irrational drug use still exists in this hospital. Relevant training for physicians,nurses and pharmacists should be strengthened,and drug use monitoring should be strengthened to avoid severe ADR and new ADR,and promote rational drug use.更多还原