【摘要】 在含油气系统关键成藏时刻的定年研究中，铼-锇（Re-Os）放射性同位素定年体系受到了广泛的重视。本文着重从原油Re-Os体系特征出发探讨Re-Os等时线年龄的构建及其优化发展方向。较低的Re和Os含量、局限的¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os混合、漫长的地质过程、与高温相关的油藏改造等都不利于Re-Os等时线年龄的构建。原油中的Re和Os富集于沥青质组分中，且在易沉淀的沥青质中含量更高。有些原油各组分之间存在Re-Os同位素组成的差异，这一方面增加了多原油样品的Re-Os等时线定年的不确定性，另一方面也出现了利用单一原油组分进行Re-Os等时线定年的可能。未来研究仍需从地质实践和化学实验两方面来提升对Re-Os同位素体系在含油气系统中的地球化学行为的认识，进而更精准地确定油气运聚成藏与改造的时间，为油气勘探提供新依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rhenium-osmium（Re-Os） radiogenic isotope system has been widely applied on the geochronology of the key timings of the petroleum systems. Here we focus on the application of Re-Os isochron age constructed with crude oil and low-maturity bitumen samples while discussing the optimization of Re-Os dating based on the understanding of the Re-Os systematics of crude oil. The commonly low Re and Os contents, limited ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os homogenization, prolonged geological processes and the heat-related crude oil transformation processes encumber the construction of Re-Os isochron age with multiple crude oil samples. The main Re and Os bearer in crude oil is asphaltene while the Re and Os concentrations are higher in the fractions of asphaltene which are easier to precipitate. Heterogeneity in the Re-Os isotope composition may exist within the crude oil. This may be disadvantageous for multiple oil dating while opening the possibility of using the fractions of a single crude oil for Re-Os isochron dating. Continuing practical application and artificial experiments are still key for the proper application and understanding of the Re-Os systematics in petroleum systems in the future.更多还原