【摘要】 黑龙江省月牙湖自然保护区是1987年建立的省级自然保护区，多年来自然保护区的建设管理在制度、行政、监测层面存在以下特点：法律政策可执行且相对稳定、机构设置合理且管理手段灵活、执行权独立行使且分工制约。月牙湖自然保护区存在保护区基层保护站基础设施建设滞后、保护区存在范围边界或土地权属不清、保护区与周边居民在自然资源利用上存在矛盾冲突、思想意识落后导致公众参与程度有限等问题。因此，提出了地方政府要直面问题，更新基础设施，搭建人才培养体系、实地勘察边界确权，完善退耕还草补偿长效机制、发挥资源环境优势，资源保护与民生改善并重、提高公众参与积极性，构建自然资源社区共管模式，以期能够实现经济发展和生态保护双赢。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yueya Lake Nature Reserve is a provincial nature reserve established in 1987 in Heilongjiang Province. Over the years, the construction and management of nature reserves have the following characteristics in terms of system, administration and monitoring: laws and policies are enforceable and relatively stable, and institutional settings are reasonable. Moreover, the management methods are flexible, the executive power is exercised independently and the division of labor is restricted. At the same time, in the Crescent Lake Nature Reserve, the infrastructure construction of grass-roots protection stations in the reserve is lagging behind, the boundary of the reserve or the ownership of the land is unclear, there are conflicts between the reserve and the surrounding residents in the use of natural resources, and the ideological awareness is backward. This leads to problems such as limited public participation. Therefore, this paper thought that local governments should face the problem in order to achieve a win-win situation for economic development and ecological protection, such as updating infrastructure, building a talent training system, conducting field surveys to confirm rights, improving the long-term compensation mechanism for returning farmland to grassland, taking advantage of resources and environment, paying the equal attention to protect resources and improve people’s livelihood, improving the enthusiasm of the public to participate, and building a community management model of natural resources.更多还原