【摘要】 目的 了解机械制造业女职工生殖健康现状及其影响因素。方法 采用判断抽样方法，选择重庆市2家机械制造企业有妊娠史的762名女职工为研究对象。采用《典型行业女职工生殖健康专项调查问卷》调查女职工生殖健康状况。结果 女职工妊娠并发症患病率为27.6%(210/762)，新生儿出生结局异常率为15.1%(115/762)，流产率为64.4%(491/762)；其中，自然流产率为14.3%，人工流产率为60.2%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示，女职工接触2种及以上职业病危害因素、自觉工作疲惫和罹患有妇科疾病均是罹患妊娠并发症的危险因素（P值均<0.05）；饮酒、月经异常和罹患妊娠并发症均是新生儿异常出生结局的危险因素（P值均<0.05）。多元logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄越大的女职工有自然流产或人工流产和两者均有的风险均越高（P值均<0.05）；罹患妇科疾病和从事一线生产的女职工既发生有流产又发生人工流产的风险相对较高（P值均<0.01）。结论 年龄、岗位、职业病危害因素接触、自觉工作疲惫、饮酒、月经异常、罹患妇科疾病史、罹患妊娠并发症均可影响机械制造业女职工生殖健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the present reproductive health status of female employees and its influencing factors in machinery manufacturing industries. Methods A total of 762 female workers with pregnancy history from two machinery manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing City were selected by judgment sampling method. The reproductive health status of female workers was investigated by the Special Questionnaire on Reproductive Health of Female Workers in Typical Industries.Results The prevalence of pregnancy complications in the female workers was 27.6%(210/762). The abnormal neonatal birth outcomes rate was 15.1%(115/762). The abortion rate was 64.4%(491/762), the spontaneous abortion rate was 14.3%, and the induced abortion rate was 60.2%. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that female employees exposed to two or more occupational hazardous factors, felt tired from work and suffered from gynecological diseases were risk factors for pregnancy complications(all P<0.05). Alcohol drinking, abnormal menstruation, and suffered from pregnancy complications were risk factors for abnormal birth outcomes in newborns(all P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the older the female workers, the higher risk of spontaneous abortion or induced abortion or both(all P<0.05).Female workers suffered from gynecological diseases and engaged in front-line production had higher risk of both spontaneous and induced abortion(all P<0.01). Conclusion Age, position, occupational hazardous factor exposure, feeling tired at work, alcohol drinking, menstrual abnormalities, a history of gynecological diseases and suffer from pregnancy complications can affect the reproductive health of female employees in machinery manufacturing industries.更多还原