【摘要】 在农业劳动力价格较高的形势下，实现甜菜生产机械化，减低甜菜生产成本是提升甜菜比较优势的主要途径。为掌握黑龙江省甜菜生产机械化状况，通过对2018年黑龙江省32个乡镇的甜菜种植户进行调查，整理、分析获得的相关数据，发现黑龙江省甜菜种植户平均每户拥有拖拉机1.62台、拥有农具1.67台，拖拉机以中小型居多，大马力拖拉机较少，配套农具不足，甜菜收获机械严重缺乏。甜菜生产机械化水平达到了89.71%，落后于大豆的96.93%、玉米的91.89%。甜菜机械化作业方式主要有自有农机具耕作、代耕和自有农机具加代耕3种模式，以自有农机具加代耕模式为主(84.54%)，完全依靠自有机械或代耕的甜菜种植户都较少，分别占11.34%、4.12%。大力发展甜菜生产机械化，实现机械对人力的替代，提高甜菜比较效益，是实现甜菜制糖产业稳步发展的必由之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The important way to improve the comparative advantage of sugar beet is to realize the mechanization of sugar beet production and reduce the production cost under the situation of high agricultural labor cost. Through the investigation of sugar beet growers in Heilongjiang Province in 2018, the relevant data were sorted out and analyzed to master the mechanization of sugar beet production. The survey showed that sugar beet growers on average had 1.62 tractors and 1.67 farm implements per household in Heilongjiang Province. The tractors were mostly small and medium-sized, there were insufficient large-horsepower tractors and supporting farm implements, and the lack of sugar beet harvesting machinery was serious. The mechanization level of sugar beet production had reached 89.71%, lower than 96.93% of soybean and 91.89%of maize. There were three main modes of sugar beet mechanized cultivation, i.e. self-owned agricultural machine cultivation, substitution cultivation by machine owners, self-owned agricultural machine cultivation plus substitution cultivation by machine owners. The main mode was self-owned agricultural machine plus substitution cultivation by machine owners, accounting for 84.54%, and there were fewer sugar beet growers who relied solely on self-owned machine or substitution cultivation by machine owners, which accounting for11.34% and 4.12%, respectively. To realize the steady development of sugar beet industry, it is necessary to vigorously develop the mechanization of sugar beet production, realize the substitution of manpower with machinery, and improve the comparative benefit of sugar beet.更多还原