【摘要】 该文以中亚及中国北方主要盆地为研究区，通过能源矿产时空赋存的统计和无机(铀)-有机(煤-油-气)矿产相互作用的模拟实验、单学科能源地质学及砂岩铀矿蚀变流体作用和铀矿微区原位同位素测年、稳定同位素对有机-无机能源相互作用的示踪等方法，研究发现，油、气、煤、铀同盆共存普遍、含矿层位联系密切、成藏(矿)-定位时期相同或相近。天然气规模性耗散是盆地改造阶段铀超常富集的关键因素，铀的存在对烃源岩生烃具有催化作用，深部油气烃源岩可以为浅部砂岩铀矿提供铀源。不同于中亚典型的层间渗入成矿作用，油气流体的铀成矿作用主要具有“垂向渗流”的特点，使矿体形态多呈板状及铀矿床成因具有低温热液作用的特点，没有典型的层间氧化带，却常具有还原性蚀变带，如绿色蚀变或白色蚀变的砂岩控矿特点。油-气-煤对铀成矿作用存在着许多可识别的地质地球化学标志，沿着油气耗散方向的浅表层，存在明显的系列油气蚀变现象，如砂岩的绿色蚀变、漂白现象、透镜状“钙质层”现象等。表现在地球化学特征上则是包裹体流体的H-O同位素异常、白色砂岩Si同位素异常、有机地球化学指标如脂肪酸甲脂异常、容矿层煤屑有机质成分及有机地球化学指标异常等。上述沉积盆地有机矿产(油-气-煤)对铀成矿作用的规律和机理，对找矿和能源矿产的前景评价具有重要的意义，一方面，多种能源同盆共存的规律及油-气-煤对铀成矿的各类烃类蚀变，为超大型砂岩铀矿的找矿提供了方向，另一方面，铀的存在可以使烃源岩生烃量增多和液态烃生成门限温度降低，解释了鄂尔多斯盆地南部富烃凹陷的形成及盆地油气丰富的原因，以及为我国柴达木盆地深部具丰富的低成熟度页岩气资源有较好远景的认识提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is considered that oil, gas, coal and uranium coexist universally in the same basin through statistics of energy and mineral occurrence in time and space and simulation experiment of interaction between inorganic(uranium)-organic(coal-oil-gas) minerals in the main basins of Central Asia and north China, single-discipline energy geology, alteration fluid action of sandstone uranium deposits, in-situ isotope dating of uranium micro areas, and tracing study of stable isotope interaction between organic and inorganic energy. Also, the ore-bearing horizons are closely related and the period of mineralization-positioning is the same or similar. The large-scale dissipation of natural gas is the key factor for super-enrichment of uranium during the basin transformation stage. The presence of uranium has a positive catalytic effect on hydrocarbon generation in source rocks. Deep hydrocarbon source rocks can provide uranium for shallow sandstone uranium deposits. Different from the typical interlayer infiltration mineralization in Central Asia, the uranium mineralization of oil and gas fluids is characterized by vertical seepage, which makes the ore bodies mostly plate-shaped and the origin of uranium deposits have the characteristics of low temperature hydrothermal action. There is no typical interlayer oxidation zone, but they often have the characteristics of reducing alteration zone such as green or white altered sandstone. There are many recognizable geochemical marks of oil-gas-coal for uranium mineralization. There are obvious series of oil-gas alteration phenomena in the shallow layer along the direction of oil-gas dissipation, such as green alteration of sandstone, bleaching and lenticular "calcareous layer" phenomenon. Geochemical characteristics are H-O isotope anomaly of inclusion fluid, Si isotope anomaly of white sandstone, organic geochemical index such as fatty acid methyl ester anomaly, organic matter composition of coal chips in host bed and organic geochemical index anomaly. The organic minerals(oil-gas-coal) in the above sedimentary basins are of great significance to the regularity and mechanism of uranium mineralization and to prospecting and evaluation of energy and mineral resources. On the one hand, the regularity of coexistence of multiple energy sources in the same basin and hydrocarbons alterations of oil-gas-coal to uranium metallogenesis provide a direction for prospecting ultralarge sandstone uranium deposits. On the other hand, the understanding that the presence of uranium can increase hydrocarbon generation of source rocks and decrease generation limit temperature of liquid hydrocarbons explains the formation of hydrocarbon-rich depression in the southern Ordos Basin and the reasons why the basin is rich in oil and gas. At the same time, it also provides theoretical basis for further understanding of low maturity shale gas resources in the deep Qaidam Basin of China.更多还原