【摘要】 2D机器视觉技术快速发展,并在工业、农业、交通等领域取得大量应用。然而,其缺乏深度信息,无法准确描述物体的三维空间信息。3D机器视觉技术凭借包含更多目标信息的优点,在工业等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文全面研究3D机器视觉技术的发展及应用:首先,研究分析了机器视觉技术的发展现状,对比了2D和3D机器视觉;其次,对3D机器视觉的关键技术进行归纳总结,将其划分为特征提取技术、位姿估计技术和三维重建技术;然后,对3D机器视觉技术在工业中的应用进行总结,主要研究了缺陷检测、引导定位等应用;最后,分析了3D机器视觉技术存在的问题,包括软硬件兼容性、计算复杂度和适应性问题,并对未来发展进行了展望。本综述研究结果可为3D机器视觉的进一步发展与应用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology of 2D machine vision has developed rapidly and has been widely used in many fields, such as industry,agriculture and transportation. However, it lacks depth information and cannot accurately describe the three-dimensional spatial information of objects. With the advantage of containing more information of targets, 3D machine vision technology has broad application prospects in industry and other fields. The paper comprehensively researches the development and application of 3D machine vision technology: first, we research and analyze the development of machine vision technology, and compare 2D and 3D machine vision;second, we summary the key technologies of 3D machine vision, such as feature extraction, pose estimation and 3D reconstruction technology; then, the applications of 3D machine vision technology in industry is summarized, which mainly contain defect detection, guidance and positioning; finally, the problems existing in 3D machine vision technology are analyzed, including the compatibility of hardware and software, computational complexity and adaptability issues. Moreover, this paper indicate prospects for the future development of 3D machine vision. The results of this review can provide a reference for the further development and application of 3D machine vision.更多还原