【摘要】 新冠肺炎疫情的暴发在相当程度上催生了互联网公益社群的发展，它们突破线下物理空间的隔离，以在线方式在突发事件的救援中发挥了重要作用。借助协同学理论，研究公益社群自组织的演化逻辑，利用深度访谈和网络民族志的方法，对抗击新冠肺炎疫情中涌现出来的“雷火志愿者”这一代表性公益社群进行探究。研究发现：公益社群生成于“社会认同”“意见领袖”和“文化资本”三个序参量；“共同目标”“道德自审与行为约束机制”是支配其遵循伺服原理的控制参量；“组织割裂”“自我退化”“弱规则性”等逆序参量的作用使其最终走向弱化与消散。此外，相对于其他社群而言，突发事件催生的公益社群大多具有“因危聚合，危消群散”的特征。在网络社会，群体并不都是“乌合之众”;在突发事件的情境中，群体也可能通过“自组织”成为“协合之众”。更多还原

【Abstract】 The outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic has, to a considerable extent, promoted the development of online public welfare communities that, with the advantage of transcending the limitation of physical space, provide important online rescue in the event of emergencies.This paper attempts to examine the evolutionary logic of self-organization of online public welfare communities from the perspective of synergetic theory.A representative online public welfare community that emerged in the fight against the new crown pneumonia epidemic, " The Thunderfire Volunteers",was explored by in-depth interviews and online ethnography.It is found that online public welfare communities are founded under the effects of three order parameters: "social identity", "opinion leader" and " cultural capital". "Common goal" and "moral self-examination and behavioral restraint mechanism" are the two controlling parameters that govern their adherence to the servo principle.Due to the effects of disordering parameters such as "organization fragmentation", "self-degradation", "weak regularity" and so forth, online public welfare communities are eventually weakened and dissipated.In addition, compared with self-organized communities of other kinds, online public welfare communities brought into being by emergencies can be characterized as "founded in crisis and dismissed after crisis".In a media society of present day, groups are not all "crowds" in Le Bon’s sense, and they can instead be well-organized and cooperative as in the case of this article.更多还原