【摘要】 为探究黑土区不同坡形下的土壤侵蚀特征，基于黑龙江省粮食沟小流域9个耕地径流场侵蚀产沙数据，采用WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project)模型进行土壤侵蚀预报与情景模拟。结果表明：径流量和产沙的整体模拟效果较好，径流量决定系数(R~2)与纳什系数(NSE)分别为0.71和0.60,产沙决定系数(R~2)与纳什系数(NSE)分别为0.61和0.50,表明该模型对该区土壤侵蚀模拟具有较好的适用性。而模型模拟精度则随坡度增大而减小，在3°,5°和8°坡度下，泥沙模拟的NSE分别为0.60,0.55和0.48,R~2分别为0.65,0.61和0.60,这与较陡坡度条件下坡面细沟发育有关；径流量在不同坡度坡形下无明显差异，相同降雨、不同坡形下的径流差异普遍在10%以内，而产沙量在不同坡度坡形上呈现较大差异，相同降雨、不同坡形下的产沙差异普遍在20%左右，最高可达到90%以上；同一坡度条件下，直形坡的土壤侵蚀强度最大，次之为凸形坡，而“S”形坡的土壤侵蚀强度最小。该研究结果可以为我国东北黑土区水土保持措施提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The black soil in northeastern China is suffering severe soil erosion, which is greatly impacted by slope shapes. In this paper, based on the measured runoff and sediment data derived from 15 erosive rainfalls in 2014—2015 on 9 runoff plots in the Liangshigou catchment, Keshan County, the WEPP(Water Erosion Prediction Project) was used to explore the impacts of different slope shapes on soil erosion characteristics, and meaningful results were obtained. The determination coefficient(R~2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) of the overall runoff depth and sediment yield simulation results were both greater than 0.5, and the model was suitable for soil erosion simulation for the black soil region under natural rainfall conditions. For both runoff depth and sediment yield, the simulation accuracies of the WEPP model decreased with increasing slope degrees. For the simulated sediment yields from different slopes, the R~2 and NSE decreased from 0.60 and 0.65 on 3° slope, 0.55 and 0.61 on 5° slope, and 0.48 and 0.60 on 8° slope, respectively. The soil erosion intensities were closely related to the slope shapes. The simulated runoff depths had no obvious difference on different shaped slopes, but the simulated soil erosion intensity was the highest on the straight slope, followed by the convex slope, and the smallest sediment yield on the S-shaped slope. This study can help soil erosion control for the black soil region, northeastern China.更多还原