【摘要】 快速提升土壤有机碳对蔬菜绿色健康发展具有重要意义。不同类型有机肥对土壤有机碳提升存在差异。以西南地区露地大白菜为研究对象，于2019～2020年开展不同类型有机肥对西南地区菜地系统作物产量、土壤有机碳含量和氮磷平衡的影响，明确该地区适合施用的有机肥类型。试验设不施肥（CK）、农民习惯施肥（CONV）、生物炭（BC）、鸡粪（CM）、餐厨废弃物资源化（KW）、秸秆（ST）6个处理，每个处理3次重复，其中CK处理不施肥，CONV处理施肥量为C 1200 kg/hm²、N 450 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 450 kg/hm²，其余4个有机肥处理等碳、氮、磷优化施肥处理，为C 1700 kg/hm²、N 250 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 160 kg/hm²。结果显示：与CONV处理相比，BC、KW和ST处理在降低44.4%氮肥和64.4%磷肥用量的条件下对产量没有显著影响；在土壤有机碳方面，不同类型有机肥处理相比CK和CONV处理，土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加55.2%～78.3%和14.3%～31.2%，其中BC和KW处理土壤有机碳含量最高，BC处理相比ST和CM处理分别显著提高10.1%和14.9%,KW处理相比ST和CM处理分别提高2.75%和7.18%。有机肥处理间土壤全氮、全磷含量未出现显著差异；有机肥处理的氮和磷肥利用率均高于CONV处理，分别提高7.6%～16.3%和7.72%～9.52%，其中BC处理的氮、磷肥利用率最高，KW处理次之。综上所述，综合考虑土壤有机碳提升、产量、土壤养分含量和肥料利用率，BC和KW处理的综合效果最佳。同时研究结果表明，在优化施肥管理条件下添加生物炭和餐厨废弃物资源化有机肥是保障西南地区菜地土壤健康、蔬菜绿色高产高效的重要举措。更多还原

【Abstract】 Improvement of soil organic carbon is key to the sustainable development of vegetables in China.There is large difference in the increase of soil organic carbon among different organic fertilizers.Taking the Chinese cabbage in southwest China as the research object,the study was carried out to compare the effects of different organic fertilizers on crop yield,soil organic carbon content and nitrogen and phosphorus balance for new open-field vegetable system in Southwest China during 2019～2020,furtherly identify the suitable types of organic fertilizer in this region.The field experiment was conducted with six treatments:no fertilizer （CK）,conventional practice （CONV）,biochar （BC）,chicken manure compost （CM）,kitchen waste compost （KW） and maize straw （ST）.Each treatment was repeated for three times.CK treatment didn’t apply fertilizer,and the input of soil carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizer in of CONV treatment was C1200 kg/hm²,N 450 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 450 kg/hm²,respectively.The input of soil carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizer in other four organic fertilizer treatments was C 1700 kg/hm²,N 250 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 160 kg/hm²,respectively.Our results indicated that compared with CONV treatment,when the rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in BC,KW and ST treatments were reduced by 44.4% and 64.4%,respectively,the yield maintained the same level.Meanwhile the soil organic carbon of optimized treatments was significantly increased by 55.2%～78.3% and 14.3%～31.2% compared with that of CK and CONV treatments,respectively.The content of soil organic carbon in BC and KW treatments was the highest among those four optimized treatments.The organic carbon content of BC treatment was 10.1% and 14.9%higher than that of ST and CM treatments,and the corresponding value in KW treatment was 2.75% and 7.18% higher than that of ST and CM treatments,respectively.There was no significant difference in soil nitrogen and phosphorus content among different organic fertilizer treatments.The use efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in optimized organic fertilizer treatment were higher by 7.6%～16.3% and 7.72%～9.52%than those of CONV treatment,respectively;the highest use efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was observed in BC treatment,and followed by KW treatment.In conclusion,BC and KW treatment performed best based on comprehensively considering the soil organic carbon increase,yield,soil nutrient content and fertilizer use efficiencies,compared to other treatments.At the same time,these results show that the addition of biochar and kitchen waste recycling organic fertilizer under the optimized fertilizer management conditions is an important measure to ensure the soil health and sustainable production for open-field vegetable system in Southwest China.更多还原