【摘要】 通过对美国、日本和我国海运、公路运输行业关于应急备品配置及管理的现状梳理，借鉴国内外相关经验。进一步根据我国铁路运输危险货物品类的运量情况，调研分析我国铁路危险货物运输应急备品配置及管理中存在配置标准不统一、配置实用性仍需提高、应急备品管理不规范不科学、风险意识欠缺等问题，针对不同铁路车站类型及特点，为发到站、编组站、区段站、中间站提出应急备品配置相关建议，以及铁路危险货物运输应急备品管理建议，对提升我国铁路危险货物运输安全具有一定借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Experience was learned through the study of the current configuration and management of emergency spare parts in the American, Japanese, and Chinese maritime and road transport industries.Given the transport volume of dangerous goods by railways, the existing problems in the configuration and management of emergency spare parts for railway transport of dangerous goods were researched and analyzed. These problems included the non-unified configuration standard, unsound practical application,non-standard and unscientific management of emergency spare parts, and the lack of risk awareness.According to the types and characteristics of different railway stations, this paper provided suggestions on the configuration of emergency spare parts at the departure-arrival station, marshaling station, section station, and intermediate station, as well as on the management of emergency spare parts for railway transport of dangerous goods. The research can provide a reference for improving the railway transport safety of dangerous goods in China.更多还原