【摘要】 以流体力学卡门涡街原理为理论基础，对2020年度国际青年物理学家竞赛设计题“不起眼的瓶子”针对性地开展了相关力学设计分析。基于自主搭建的高速纹影测试系统并结合CFD高保真数值仿真计算方法解释了该实验现象背后隐藏的流体力学机理。研究结果表明：在不同工况条件下，高速纹影系统很好地捕捉了蜡烛附近流场变化特征，揭示了圆柱瓶子后方气流流动最大速度大于瓶子前方气流流动初始速度，气流流经瓶子进行绕流产生卡门涡街导致蜡烛熄灭；结合仿真计算结果揭示了该实验在不放置瓶子时气流可以吹灭蜡烛，相同条件下放置瓶子时依然可以吹灭蜡烛原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the Karman vortex street principle of fluid mechanics, the relevant mechanical design analysis of the design topic "Inconspicous bottle" of the 2020 International Young Physicist Competition is carried out. The mechanical mechanism behind the relevant phenomena is explained based on the self-developing equipment high-speed schlieren test system and combined with the method of CFD high fidelity numerical simulation. The results show that under different working conditions, the high-speed schlieren system can well capture the variation characteristics of the flow field near the candle, and reveal that the maximum velocity of the air flow behind the bottle is greater than the initial velocity of the air flow in front of the bottle. The air flows around the cylinder to produce Carmen vortex street, which leads to the extinction of the candle. Combined with the CFD simulation results, it can well explain that the air flow can blow out the candle when the cylinder is not placed, Under the same conditions, the candle can be blown out when the cylinder is placed.更多还原