【摘要】 新中国改革始于农村,农村改革从调整农民和土地的关系开启。从十一届三中全会召开后,到人民公社体制消解前,中国"三农"问题主要表现在土地制度方面,其焦点是人民公社体制与家庭联产承包责任制的此消彼长,涉及"三农"领域生产关系调整和生产力改变。在农村改革实践与邓小平的双重推动下,家庭联产承包责任制成为农业生产责任制主要形式,以集体劳动为特征的人民公社体制解体。改革开放初期农村经济结构的调整,主要包括两个方面,一是依靠政策和科学来推进农业现代化,二是发展乡镇企业与农村非农产业。1989年秋邓小平提出"两个飞跃"重要论断,继续发展他的农业现代化思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reform of New China began in the countryside,and the reform of the countryside started by adjusting the relationship between farmers and land.From the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 11 th CPC Central Committee to the abolition of the system of People’s Communes,China’s “three rural issues” were mainly manifested in the land system.The focus is on the ebb and flow between the people’s commune system and the household contract responsibility system,involving the adjustment of production relations and productivity changes in the "three rural issues".Under the dual promotion of rural reform practice and Deng Xiaoping,the household contract responsibility system was made into the main form of the agricultural production responsibility system,and the people’s commune system characterized by collective labor came to an end.The adjustment of the rural economic structure in the early stage of reform and opening up mainly included two levels of issues.One was to rely on policies and science to promote agricultural modernization,and the other was to develop township and village enterprises and rural non-agricultural industries.After Deng Xiaoping retired from his leadership position in the autumn of 1989,he put forward the important thesis of "Two Leaps" and continued to develop his agricultural modernization ideas.更多还原