【摘要】 积分球冷原子钟是一种具有代表性的小型化高精度冷原子钟，其目前亟需解决的关键问题之一是提高微波腔内的冷原子利用率，从而继续提高频率稳定度等技术指标。本文提出了一种新型的积分球冷原子钟一体化激光冷却与探测微波腔，该微波腔整体结构呈圆柱形，不仅通过在微波腔内表面处加载透明微波介质壁形成大范围均匀微波场，而且通过不同注光方式形成各向同性光场，分别进行漫反射激光冷却和弥散吸收探测。通过这种新颖的改进方式，微波腔作为一体化装置，具有大范围均匀微波场振荡、漫反射激光冷却和弥散吸收探测3种功能。在该微波腔中，微波腔内的冷原子均可以参与微波钟跃迁并被探测到，即冷原子利用率可以得到大幅度提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The integrating sphere cold atomic clock(ISCAC) is a representative miniature high-precision cold atom clock.One of the key problems to solve is improving the utilization of cold atom in microwave cavity, so as to improve the frequency stability and other technical indexes.In this paper, a new integrated microwave cavity with laser cooling and detection for ISCAC is proposed.The overall structure of the microwave cavity is cylindrical.It not only forms a large-scale average microwave field by loading a transparent microwave dielectric wall near the surface of the microwave cavity, but also forms an isotropic laser field by different laser injection methods, for diffused reflection laser cooling and dispersion absorption detection, respectively.Through the novel method of improvement, the microwave cavity is an integrated device, which has triple functions including a large-scale average microwave field oscillation, diffused reflection laser cooling and dispersion absorption detection.In the new microwave cavity, the total ensemble of cold atoms can participate in the clock transition and be detected, meaning that the utilization rate of cold atoms can be greatly improved.更多还原