【摘要】 [目的]本研究旨在明确在添加玉米秸秆和黑木耳菌糠作为调理剂的牛粪好氧堆肥过程中植物毒性的主要来源。[方法]研究在牛粪所占堆肥物料质量比例（90%）不变的情况下，分别按质量比1∶0、4∶1、1∶1、1∶4、0∶1添加这2种调理剂，对应5个堆肥处理（T1～T5），测定了堆肥水浸提液的pH、电导率（EC）、硝态氮（NO₃^–-N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、挥发性有机酸（乙酸、丙酸、异戊酸等）、重金属（Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、总钾（TK）含量和3种种子（大白菜、家独行菜和生菜）相对根长（RRG），并对种子RRG与其它理化指标的关系进行了分析。[结果]至堆肥结束，添加不同比例调理剂的处理中EC值均小于4.0 mS·cm^–1,NH₄⁺-N含量介于6.33～12.42 mg·L^–1。乙酸作为有机酸的主要成分，在T3处理中下降了48.85%。重金属含量可以有效促进植物生长而不会造成毒害。3种种子RRG均大于70%。相关性和多元线性回归分析表明，NH₄⁺-N和乙酸与种子RRG具有较强的负相关关系。同一处理中大白菜RRG均小于家独行菜和生菜，即对堆肥植物毒性更为敏感。5个处理中T3处理的大白菜和家独行菜RRG均达到最大，分别为89.96%和174.08%。[结论]NH₄⁺-N和乙酸是牛粪好氧堆肥过程中植物毒性的主要来源。按质量比1∶1添加2种调理剂能够有效降低牛粪堆肥植物毒性。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]The aim of this study was to To identify the key sources of phytotoxicity in cow manure during aerobic composting with corn strawstalks and spent mushroom substrateblack fungus bran as conditioners.,[Methods]fFive treatments（T1～T5） were setup by adding the two conditioners,corn stalks and black fungus bran,respectively according to at the mass ratio of 1∶0,4∶1,1∶1,1∶4,and 0∶1,under the condition that the weight ratio of cow manure to the mass of compost materials remains unchanged（90%） unchanged.The indexes of pH,electrolytic conductivity（EC）,the contents of nitrate nitrogen(NO^3–-N),ammonia nitrogen（NH4⁺-N）,volatile organic acids（acetic acid,propionic acid,isovaleric acid,etc.）,heavy metals（Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn）,total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorous（TP）,and total potassium（TK）,and the relative root growth（RRG）of three different kinds of seeds（Chinese cabbage,garden cress,and lettuce） in compost water extract were measured.The relationships between RRG and other physicochemical indexes were analyzed.[Results]At By the end of composting process,the EC values of the treatments with different ratios of conditioners were all less than 4.0 mS·cm^–1,and the contents of NH4⁺-N were ranged between 6.33 and 12.42 mg·L^-1.Acetic acid,the main component of organic acids,decreased by 48.85% in T3 treatment.The RRGs of three seeds were allas moregreater than 70%,the pH was slightly alkaline and the EC value was less than 4.0 mS·cm^–1,the contents of NH4⁺-N,heavy metals,organic acids were at a low level in all treatments.Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses showed that NH4⁺-N and acetic acid had strong negative relationshipscorrelations of NH4⁺-N and acetic acid with seed RRG.In the same treatment,the RRG of Chinese cabbage was smaller than that of cabbage and lettuce,which means it was more sensitive to composting phytotoxicity.Among the three seeds,the RRGs of Chinese cabbage and domestic cabbage in T3 treatment reached the maximum,which were 89.96%and174.08%,respectively.RRG was smaller than that of garden cress and lettuce in the same treatment,that is,it was more sensitive to compost phytotoxicity.Among the five treatments,Chinese cabbage RRG and garden cress RRG reached the maximum in T3.[Conclusion]In conclusion,NH4⁺-N and acetic acid are the key sources of phytotoxicity in aerobic composting of cow manure.The two conditioners added according toin thea mass ratio of 1∶1 can effectively reduce the phytotoxicity of cow manure compost.更多还原