【摘要】 为明确晋中麦区休闲期复种饲料油菜的合理种植方式，在山西省太谷县申奉村进行试验，设置不同磷酸二铵（N∶P=15∶42，总养分≥57%）施用量（L）(0(CK)、37.5(L1)、75.0(L2)、150.0(L3)kg/hm~2)与油菜播量（S）(7.5(S1)、22.5(S2)kg/hm~2)共计8个处理，研究其对饲料油菜干物质量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，播量和施肥量及二者的互作明显影响饲料油菜干物质量和磷积累量，影响大小表现为播量（S）>施肥量（L）>互作效应（S×L）；同一施肥量下，S1>S2；同一播量下，CK<L1<L2<L3，其中，L3S1处理的饲料油菜干物质量较CK提高8.6%，但与L2S1处理间差异不显著。施肥量显著影响饲料油菜氮累积量，且随施肥水平提高呈先升后降的趋势，以L2处理最高，在S1和S2水平下比CK分别提高151.45%和120.2%。同一施肥水平下播量对氮累积量没有明显影响。氮、磷利用率以L1水平最高，分别达40%和15%，播量间差异不显著；其次是L2水平，分别为33%和11%，且S1>S2。与CK比较，施肥明显降低了土壤养分含量，其中有机质和速效氮含量以L2水平降低幅度最大（35.7%～74.3%），速效磷含量以L2水平降低幅度最小（6.7%），速效钾含量则以L2和L3水平降低幅度较小（分别为49.6%和49.4%），二者差异不显著；同一施肥水平下，S1>S2。与CK相比，施肥明显提高了土壤酶活性，随施肥水平增加酶活性均呈先增后减的趋势，以L2水平最高，较CK提高14.5%～102.1%；同一施肥水平下，S1>S2。播量和施肥量亦明显影响土壤水分含量；播量在不同施肥水平下产生的影响不同。综上，在该地区麦后复种油菜拟推荐施75.0 kg/hm~2磷酸二铵，且油菜播量7.5 kg/hm~2为宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 To clarify the reasonable planting mode of multiple cropping forage rape during the fallow period in Jinzhong wheat region of Shanxi, in this study, the field experiment was carried out in Shenfeng village, Taigu county, Shanxi province.There were eight treatments based on both different phosphate diamine(N∶P = 15∶42, total nutrient ≥ 57%) applications(0(CK), 37.5(L1), 75.0(L2), 150.0(L3) kg/ha) and rapeseed sowing rates(7.5(S1), 22.5(S2) kg/ha), the influence of the treatments on the dry matter content of forage rape and soil fertility was studied. The results showed that sowing rates, fertilization amounts,and their interaction significantly affected the dry matter content and phosphorus accumulation of forage rape in the order of sowing rate(S) > fertilization amount(L) > their interaction(S×L); and the order was S1 > S2 under the same fertilization level,and CK < L1 < L2 < L3 under the same sowing rate. The dry matter content of forage rape in the treatment of L3S1 was 8.6%higher than that in CK, but there was no significant difference between L3S1 and L2S1. The fertilization amounts significantly affected the nitrogen accumulation of forage rape, and with increase of the fertilization level, it was increased first and then decreased, up to the highest in L2, and it was 151.45% and 120.2% higher than that in CK at the S1 and S2 levels, respectively.Sowing rate showed a non-significant effect on the nitrogen accumulation of forge rape under the same fertilization level. L1 had the highest utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus, up to around 40% and 15%, respectively, followed by L2, the rates were33% and 11%, respectively, additionally, S1 > S2. Compared with CK, fertilization treatments significantly reduced soil nutrient contents. L2 had the largest decrease in the contents of organic matter and available nitrogen(35.7%-74.3%), and the lowest decrease in the content of available phosphorus(6.7%). L2 and L3 had the relatively small decrease in the available potassium content(49.6% and 49.4%), and there was no significant difference between them. Under the same fertilization level, it followed the order S1 > S2. Compared with CK, fertilization significantly improved soil enzyme activities, and with increase of the fertilization levels, the enzyme activities were increased first and then decreased, with the highest values in L2, increased by14.5%-102.1% as compared with those in CK. It followed the order S1 > S2 under the same fertilization level. Also, sowing rates and fertilizer applications significantly affected soil moisture content; and the effects of sowing rate were different under different fertilizer application levels. Based on the above studies, it was recommended to apply 75.0 kg/ha of phosphate diamine for multiple cropping of forage rape after wheat in this region, and the suitable rapeseed sowing rate was 7.5 kg/ha.更多还原