【摘要】 在晋中地区进行大田试验,设置对照（CK）、化肥（N）、氮素减施20%配施双氰胺（ND）、等氮转换有机肥（OF）、氮素减施20%加有机肥（NOF）和氮素减施20%配施生物炭（NB）6个处理,研究氮素减施与不同调节剂配施对旱地冬小麦土壤N₂O、CO₂、CH₄等3种温室气体强度与冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,ND、OF、NOF和NB处理相比N处理,N₂O累积排放量分别降低了62.57%、48.41%、27.95%和90.44%,NB处理不但能够降低N₂O排放,同时较N处理能够降低CO₂和CH₄的累积排放量;ND处理虽较N处理降低了N₂O累积排放量,但较N处理显著增加了29.52%的CO₂累积排放量,ND、OF和NOF处理间CO₂累积排放量无显著性差异。旱地作为CH₄的"汇",除NOF处理之外其余5个处理CH₄累积排放均表现为吸收,且彼此间CH₄累积排放量无显著差异;ND、OF和NOF处理的冬小麦产量较N处理分别增产47.00%、78.00%和5.35%,全球增温潜势（GWP）较N处理分别降低了64.04%、48.48%和23.47%;CK、ND、OF与NB处理的温室气体排放强度（GHGI）均显著小于N与NOF处理,NOF处理的GHGI值较N处理降低了33.21%,但二者间差异不显著,此外,NOF处理较N处理提高了籽粒氮吸收、略微提高磷吸收。综上,实施部分有机肥代替化肥对于旱地冬小麦可以作为一种作物增产、提高氮素利用率并降低温室气体排放的有效措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Field experiments were carried out in Jinzhong area.Control（CK）,chemical fertilizer（N）,nitrogen reduction by20%combined with dicyandiamide（ND）,iso-nitrogen conversion organic fertilizer（OF）,nitrogen reduction by 20%combined with organic fertilizer（NOF）and nitrogen reduction by 20%combined with biochar（NB）were set up to explore effects of combining nitrogen reduction with different regulators on intensity of three greenhouse gases including N₂O,CO₂and CH₄in dryland soil of winter wheat and winter wheat yield.The results showed that cumulative N₂O emissions OF ND,OF,NOF and NB treatments were62.57%,48.41%,27.95%and 90.44%lower than those of N treatment,respectively.NB treatment could not only reduce N₂O emissions,but also reduce cumulative CO₂and CH₄emissions compared with N treatment.In contrast,although ND treatment reduced N₂O cumulative emissions compared with N treatment,it significantly increased CO₂cumulative emission by 29.52%compared with N treatment,and there was no significant difference on CO₂cumulative emissions between ND,OF and NOF treatments.Dry land was the"sink"of CH₄,and cumulative CH₄emissions of five treatments except for NOF treatment were all absorbed,and there was no significant difference between them.Compared with N,ND,OF and NOF treatments increased yield by47%,78%and 5.35%,respectively,and GWP values of the treatments decreased by 64.04%,48.48%and 23.47%,respectively.GHGI values of CK,ND,OF and NB treatments was significantly lower than those of N and NOF treatments.Compared with that of N treatment,GHGI value of NOF treatment was decreased by 33.21%with insignificant difference from the N treatment.In addition,NOF treatment increased grain nitrogen uptake and slightly increased phosphorus uptake compared with N treatment.In conclusion,replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer could be an effective measure to increase crop yield,improve nitrogen use efficiency,and reduce greenhouse gas emissions for dryland winter wheat.更多还原