【摘要】 胜利油田石化总厂常减压装置中温段、“高部位”出现堵塞物。通过对堵塞物化学性质分析，确定堵塞物中的正庚烷可溶物是柴油馏分，堵塞物灰分很低，堵塞物为碳氢化合物。含有聚丙烯酰胺类堵水剂、絮凝剂等油田化学剂能够原油组分残留，特别是在减压柴油中残留，是造成原油蒸馏装置堵塞原因之一。实验室采用添加法向原油中添加重点化学剂，再经过180℃、24 h处理，模拟脱水脱盐、常压蒸馏、减压蒸馏，在原油减压柴油馏分中检测到了堵水剂类酰胺基团，明确了堵水剂类含有聚丙烯酰胺油田化学剂是造成原油蒸馏装置减一线堵塞物来源之一。研究表明聚丙烯酰胺在自由基引发下很容易发生降解反应。建立了一种添加法溯源堵塞物形成的方法，能够有效地判断原油蒸馏减压装置中温段堵塞物来源于哪种油田化学剂，为研究残留油田化学剂的影响、减缓或解决装置堵塞问题提供了解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Blockage occurred in middle temperature section and “high position” of atmospheric-vacuum distillation unit in Shengli Oilfield Petrochemical Plant.It can be determined that, blockage is hydrocarbons which n-heptane soluble in it is diesel fraction and ash is very low.Oil field chemicals such as polyacrylamide plugging agent and flocculant can remain crude oil components, especially in vacuum diesel oil, which is one of the reasons for clogging crude oil distillation unit.Adding water plugging agent to crude oil, and then treating at 180 ℃ for 24 h, simulating dehydration and desalting, atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation, amide group was detected in the crude oil vacuum diesel fraction.It was confirmed that the water plugging agent containing polyacrylamide oilfield chemical agent was one of the sources of reducing line plugging in crude oil distillation unit.Polyacrylamide is easily degraded by free radicals.A method of adding traceable blockage is established in this paper, which can effectively judge the source of the blockage and provide a solution for studying the effects of residual oilfield chemicals, slowing down or solving the problem of device blockage.更多还原