【摘要】 蚯蚓被喻为土壤中的“生态系统工程师”,具有高度的多样性且在全世界都有分布,被用作土壤健康的指示生物。蚯蚓具有极强的环境适应能力,在不断适应的过程中促进了自身基因组的进化。本文对近年来蚯蚓全基因组以及线粒体基因组的研究进展进行了综述。蚯蚓全基因组的测序、拼装和分析为研究蚯蚓生态学、污染物对蚯蚓致毒的分子机制、免疫防御的分子机制、蚯蚓再生的分子机制等奠定基础。而线粒体基因组多应用于蚯蚓分子系统发育方面的研究,目前已有多种蚯蚓通过线粒体基因组测序完成了物种的鉴定。本文建议今后重点开展以下几方面的研究:(1)针对现有的4种蚯蚓全基因组测序结果,进一步进行比较基因组学、进化基因组学和功能基因组学的研究。(2)完善不同种蚯蚓的基因文库和表达序列标签。(3)建立线粒体基因组、全基因组与蚯蚓物种多样性的关联分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background & Aims: Earthworms, which are known as the ecosystem engineers of the soil, are highly diverse and distributed worldwide. They are used as indicators of soil health. They are highly adaptable to their environment, and their genomes have evolved through the process of adaptation. In this paper, recent research progress of the whole genome and mitochondrial genome of the earthworms are reviewed.Progresses: The sequencing, assembly and analysis of earthworm genome lay a foundation for the study of earthworm ecology, molecular toxicity mechanism of pollutants to earthworm, molecular mechanism of immune defense, earthworm regeneration and so on. The mitochondrial genome is mostly used in the study of molecular phylogeny of earthworms.Currently, various types of earthworm species have been identified based on mitochondrial genome sequencing.Prospects: This paper highlights the following aspects of research that should be focused in future studies:(1) Carry out the studies on comparative genomics, evolutionary genomics and functional genomics using the existing whole genome sequencing results of the four species earthworms;(2) Improve the gene libraries and expressed sequence tags of different species of earthworms;(3) Strengthen the association analysis between mitochondrial genome and whole genome with the species diversity of earthworm.更多还原