【摘要】 为了了解南京市土地利用变化对土壤侵蚀的响应，基于气象、土壤、地形、遥感等多源数据，运用GIS和统计方法分析了南京市1986—2013年的土地利用/覆被时空动态变化特征，并运用RUSLE模型定量评估了南京市的土壤侵蚀时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)全市土壤侵蚀呈现先增加后减少的趋势：1986—1996年南京市土壤侵蚀面积增加了132.95 km~2,由324.11 km~2增加到457.06 km~2;1996—2013年土壤侵蚀面积比从7.46%减少到2.45%,由457.06 km~2减少到150.11 km~2。空间分布结果表明南京市土壤侵蚀主要发生在生产建设活动较为频繁的丘陵山区。(2)全市不同等级侵蚀面积与对应的侵蚀量呈明显的倒挂现象，较高等级侵蚀区应当是重点治理区域。(3)土地利用类型是影响南京市土壤侵蚀的因素之一，87%以上的土壤侵蚀量动态变化集中在林地和耕地。值得注意的是，水域、居民点及建设用地和其他用地变化对土壤侵蚀无明显影响，而耕地变化对土壤侵蚀具有明显的负面影响，林地和草地变化对土壤侵蚀既具有负影响也具有正影响，以正面影响为主，主要是因为林地既转变成耕地也转变成居民点及建设用地和水域，不同时期其主要影响也不同。综上，该研究结果可为南京市土地资源配置及水土流失防治提供科学参考和理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the response of land use change on soil erosion in Nanjing, we analyzed the characteristics of temporal and spatial dynamics of land use/cover in Nanjing from 1986 to 2013 using GIS and statistical methods. The meteorological, soil, topographic, remote sensing and other multi-source data were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal change characteristics of soil erosion in Nanjing using RUSLE model. The results show that:(1) soil erosion showed an initial increasing and then decreasing trend; from 1986 to 1996, the eroded area increased from 324.11 km~2 to 457.06 km~2, which increased by 132.95 km~2; from 1996 to 2013, the eroded area decreased from 457.06 km~2 to 150.11 km~2, with the area ratio reducing from 7.46% to 2.45%; spatial distribution results showed that soil erosion mainly occurred in hilly mountainous areas of Nanjing where production and construction activities were more frequent;(2) the eroded area of different grades and the corresponding erosion amount were obviously inverted, and thus higher-grade erosion areas should be the key treatment regions;(3) land use type was one of the factors affecting soil erosion in Nanjing, and more than 87% of the dynamic changes of soil erosion concentrated in forestland and cultivated land; it is worth noting that changes in water bodies, residential and construction sites and other land use had no significant effects on soil erosion, while variations in cultivated land had significant negative impact on soil erosion, and the changes in forestland and grassland had both positive and negative impacts on soil erosion, with positive effects predominating; this was mainly due to the conversion of woodland, cultivated land, residential land, construction site and water, with their main effects varying from period to period. Overall, the results of this study can provide scientific reference and theoretical basis for land resource allocation and soil erosion control in Nanjing.更多还原