【摘要】 煤矸石的结构性差且持水性低，是限制矿区生态环境改善的生态因子。为合理利用煤矸石资源，探寻改善煤矸石基质的途径和效果，以矸土质量比(1∶1)的煤矸石基质为研究对象，采用盆栽培养法，研究添加粉煤灰质量比为0、10%、30%和50%时，盆栽基质的物理、化学和生物学性质以及高羊茅生长状况。结果表明：1)随着粉煤灰添加量的增加，盆栽基质的密度和砂粒含量显著降低，田间持水量、粉粒含量、水溶性有机碳和有效磷含量显著增加。但相对于添加30%的盆栽基质，添加50%粉煤灰的盆栽基质显著降低有机碳含量，却增加有效磷含量，而其他化学性质无显著差异；2)添加30%和50%粉煤灰的盆栽基质总磷脂脂肪酸和细菌磷脂脂肪酸含量，分别较粉煤灰零添加显著地增加38.07%、47.80%和43.04%、27.40%,但添加30%粉煤灰的盆栽基质磷脂脂肪酸含量与添加50%粉煤灰的盆栽基质无显著差异；3)随着粉煤灰添加量的增加，植物的生物量以及养分含量呈增加趋势，其中添加50%粉煤灰的处理最为显著。总之，添加粉煤灰改善煤矸石基质的性质，促进植物的生长。综上，建议在煤矸石基质中添加30%～50%粉煤灰作为植物生长的基质。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Background] The arid desert area located in Northwest China is an important coal base. Large-scale and high-intensity development has caused the long-term accumulation of coal gangue, further resulting in the natural ecosystem fragility. Coal gangue is often used as an additive or substrate component in the process of vegetation restoration in the mining area. However, coal gangue with poor structure and low water-holding capacity restricts the improvement of the ecological environment in the mining area. Fly ash is characterized by the large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, and can be used as a soil conditioner to promote the growth of plants. In this study, the mixture of coal gangue and raw soil was taken as the research object, and the effects of adding fly ash on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of coal gangue matrix and plant growth were explored. [Methods] The coal gangue matrix was prepared by mixing coal gangue and raw soil at a ratio of 1∶1. Then fly ash was added to the mixing coal gangue matrix according to the ratio of 0, 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. The potting substrate was incubated in a greenhouse for 1 month and then tall fescue(Festuca elata) seeds were sown. After 3 months, tall fescue biomass was measured, and soil was collected for determining the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the potting substrate. [Results] 1) With the increase of addition ratio for fly ash, the bulk density and sand content of the substrate in the pots decreased; whereas the content of the field water-holding capacity, silt content, dissolved organic carbon and available phosphorus increased. Compared with 30% in potting substrate, 50% fly ash addition significantly reduced the organic carbon content and increased the available phosphorus content, whereas no significant difference was found in the other chemical properties. 2) Compared with fly ash zero addition, the contents of total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs) and bacterial PLFAs when adding 30% and 50% fly ash in the potting substrate increased by 38.07%, 47.80%, and 43.04%, 27.40%, respectively. There was no significant difference in phospholipid fatty acid content between 30% and 50% fly ash addition in potting substrate. 3) With the increase of fly ash addition, plant height, biomass and nutrient content showed an increasing trend, and 50% fly ash addition was the most significant among the treatments. [Conclusions] The addition of fly ash can improve the properties of the coal gangue matrix and promote the growth of plants. Based on the practical application, 30%-50% fly ash was recommended in the coal gangue matrix as the substrate for plant growth. The study results can provide basic data support for the utilization of solid waste and the reconstructed soil during the vegetation restoration in the mining area.更多还原