【摘要】 培养拔尖创新人才是新时代人才强国战略的重要组成，是高等教育高质量发展的重要内容。总结拔尖创新人才培养经验，对深入实施人才强国战略，实现高等教育高质量发展具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。中国拔尖创新人才培养基于科学理论、历史经验和现实逻辑，经过十多年的实践探索，人才培养目标定位逐步实现两转变、两结合，培养过程实施以内外协同为主导，培养制度走向高选拔、融合化，培养评价突出多维全程学术化，但是，依然面临着建设目标与个体发展的冲突、模式设计与现实实施的抵触、多元智能发展与一元出口主导的对立等困境。走出困境，应构建和实施“4+X≥2”目标模型，改造和提升三大要素，平衡和协同两大关系，更新和改进评价理念、手段，促使拔尖创新人才培养更加优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultivating top innovative talents is an important part of the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development in the new era and an important part of the high-quality development of higher education. It is of important academic value and practical significance for us to summarize the experience of cultivating top innovative talents and for the indepth implementation of the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development and the high-quality development of higher education. Based on theory,experience,and realistic logic,after over ten years of practice and exploration,China has gradually formed a training target of“two-transition,two-combination”,a training process led by internal and external collaboration,a high-selected and integrated training system,and a multi-dimensional full-process academic training evaluation. However,the conflicts between the setting of construction goal and the internal development of the individuals,between the model design and the actual implementation,and between the development of multiple intelligences and the dominance of unitary export still exist. In order to optimize the training of top innovative talents,it is necessary to construct and implement the“4+X≥2”target model,transform and promote the three elements,balance and synergize the two relationships,as well as update and improve the evaluation concepts and methods.更多还原