【摘要】 目的：对比微波消解和快速消解处理方法的效果，探讨两种方法的适用性和可靠性，建立快速、高效测定突发食品重金属中毒、质控考核中铅、镉、砷的方法。方法：采用微波消解和快速消解分别进行样品前处理，ICP-MS法测定，从检出限、准确度、精密度以及加标回收率等方面进行对比分析。结果：两种测定方法的检出限无显著差异，标准物质的测定值均在认定值范围之内，RSD <10%，加标回收率在88.9%～109.8%，盲样中两方法测定铅、镉、总砷的结果差异无统计学意义（Pb t=-2.423,P>0.05;Cd t=1.275,P>0.05;As t=-2.200,P>0.05），反馈的盲样考核结果为满意(Pb 0.150 mg·kg^-1,Z=0.34;Cd 1.02 mg·kg^-1,Z=-0.56;As 0.104 mg·kg^-1,Z=0.57)。结论：快速消解试剂用量少、耗时短、操作简单，在突发应急检测、盲样考核中可代替微波消解进行各元素的测定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: This research makes a comparative study on the effects of microwave digestion and rapid digestion, and probes into the applicability and reliability of the two methods, so as to settle on a rapid and efficient method for determining lead, cadmium and arsenic in emergent food heavy metal poisoning and quality control assessment. Method:Microwave digestion and rapid digestion are adopted to pretreat the samples, and ICP-MS is used to measure, whereby comparative analysis is made in terms of detection limit, accuracy, precision, and recovery rate. Result: Microwave digestion and rapid digestion yield to detection limit with no significant difference, and the measured values of standard substances are all within the range of certified values, RSD<10%, and the recovery of standard addition is between 88.9%～109.8%.In blind samples, the measurements of lead, cadmium and total arsenic in the two methods present no significant differences and no statistical significance（Pb t=-2.423,P>0.05; Cd t=1.275,P>0.05; As t=-2.200,P>0.05） and the feedback blind sample assessment result is satisfactory(Pb 0.150 mg·kg^-1, Z=0.34; Cd 1.02 mg·kg^-1, Z=-0.56; As 0.104 mg·kg^-1, Z=0.57).Conclusion: The rapid digestion features less reagent dosage, shorter time and simpler operation, hence it can replace the microwave digestion in emergent situations and blind sample assessments to determine the elements.更多还原