【摘要】 本文通过集中讨论杜威基于儿童研究而进行的行动力教育，揭示实用主义思想对个体主义的具体理解。在美国镀金时代，孤立个体主义加剧了现代美国人的道德危机和社会分裂。杜威此时进行的儿童研究与教育改革，首要的目标是重新理解现代个体的行动结构和人格形态，以克服孤立个体主义造就的行动难题。利用“刺激—反应”的行动机制，杜威同时结合了自然力量和社会意识，力图在开展行动力教育的过程中塑造一种“社会性个体”。社会性个体一方面保留了源于自然的神圣性，另一方面又不断吸收来自社会的文明传统，以应对现代世界在人心和社会两方面的挑战。本研究有助于我们进一步理解美国社会学的早期思想根基并反思当下的生存处境。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focuses on Dewey’s action education based on his study of children to showcase the concrete understanding of individualism in American pragmatism. Among the many social problems encountered in the American Gilded Age,the isolated individualism most epitomises the action dilemma of modern Americans,exacerbating the moral crisis and social divide of American society. The primary goal of Dewey’s child research and progressive education reform at that time was to better understand the action structure and personality form of modern individuals,so as to overcome the action problem caused by isolated individualism. Dewey first classified“children”in the educational sense into four stages of development:early infancy,late infancy,childhood,and adolescence. By using the action mechanism of“stimulus—response”,Dewey hoped to combine natural forces and social consciousness at the same time,and ultimately shape a “social individual”in the process of action education. The social individual is represented as a complete state of action,which on the one hand retains the sacredness derived from the nature,and on the other hand continuously absorbs the civilizational traditions from society. Dewey believed that only such a modern individual with full action power could truly cope with the challenges of the modern world in terms of both human mind and society. By transforming isolated individuals into social individuals,Dewey attempted to find answers to the social problems of the Gilded Age through educational reforms. Moreover,the theoretical conception of “social individual”and the corresponding educational practices also profoundly influenced the theoretical development and empirical research orientation of the early American sociology. This study helps us further understand the early ideological foundation of American sociology and reflect on our current situation.更多还原