【摘要】 实行生活垃圾分类是推动环境建设和社会发展的重要环节。自生活垃圾分类试点政策推行以来,如何评估生活垃圾分类实施效果及明确影响分类效果的因素成为了研究焦点。以北京市无清洁服务开放式小区、低容积率封闭式小区、高容积率封闭式小区、平房胡同等4种不同类型社区为研究对象,通过实地走访、调研,全面分析了该地区垃圾分类政策执行现状、成效、基本经验以及存在的问题。此次问卷调查的居民分布广泛于北京16个区,各年龄段分布较为平均,线上线下共收集到790份问卷。年龄、受教育程度、经济水平、从事职业、季节和垃圾回收站点工作人员等因素都会影响居民垃圾分类行为。在4个季节中,社区居民家庭在秋季每天产生的厨余垃圾、其他垃圾和可回收垃圾平均量最高,分别为954 g、699 g和344 g。定时定点采集数据表明,高容积率小区居民垃圾分类的准确度最高达90%以上,在不同类型社区中垃圾分类效果最佳,进而为社区生活垃圾分类体系实施提供基础参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carrying out household garbage classification is an important link to promote environmental construction and social development. Since the implementation of household garbage classification pilot policy, how to evaluate the implementation effect of household garbage classification and determine the factors affecting the effect of household garbage classification has become the focus of research.Four different types of communities in Beijing, including open communities without cleaning services, closed communities with low plot ratio, closed communities with high plot ratio and bungalows and hutong, were taken as research objects. Through field visits and investigations, the status quo, effectiveness, basic experience and existing problems of the implementation of garbage classification policy in this area were comprehensively analyzed. The residents of this questionnaire survey were widely distributed in 16 districts of Beijing, with an average distribution of all age groups. A total of 790 questionnaires were collected online and offline. Factors such as age, education level, economic level, occupation, season and staff of garbage collection site will affect residents’ garbage sorting behavior. The average amount of kitchen waste, other waste and recyclable waste produced by community households in autumn was the highest among the four seasons with 954 g, 699 g and 344 g, respectively. According to the data collected at a fixed time, the accuracy of garbage classification of residents in high-volume ratio residential areas is as high as more than 90%, and the garbage classification effect is the best in different types of communities, which provides effective theoretical support for the implementation of community household garbage classification system.更多还原