【摘要】 本文介绍了植根于共生理念和关系中的共生功能体(宿主—相关微生物组)概念,系统评述了共生功能体相关微生物组的组成、组装及其微生物间的互作。基于共生功能体,宿主通过自身具有的抗性和耐受性,可影响微生物共生体在共生连续体中的位置,降低互作的负面效应。宿主进化和共生功能体能主动影响寄生性共生体的适合度,从而出现反向适应。虽然宿主微生物组对宿主生物学、生态学和进化中的中心作用已得到普遍重视,但涉及功能的研究较少。最近提出的生态—共生功能体新概念对一个物种共生功能体的传统认知提出了挑战。此外,共生功能体的研究已从生物科学向社会科学、哲学和生理学扩展。如果不考虑共生功能体在特定行为中的作用,可能会导致潜在的认知偏差,即共生功能体盲点。因此关注共生功能体盲点和对微生物组如何影响大脑和认知的研究,将为人类认知和社会行为的进化提供新见解。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper briefly introduced the concept of holobionts based on the concept of symbiosis(host-related microbiome),and systematically reviewed the composition, assembly, and microbial-microbial interactions of the related microbiome.Based on the holobionts, the host can influence the position of the microbial symbionts in the symbiosis continuum through its resistance and tolerance, and reduce the negative effects of interaction.Host evolution and the holobionts can actively affect the fitness of the parasitic symbiont to result in reverse adaptation.Although the central role of the host microbiome in host biology, ecology, and evolution had been widely recognized, the functional aspects were rarely studied.The new concept of ecology-holobiont proposed recently challenged the traditional cognition of one species as one holobiont.In addition, the study on the holobionts had been expanded from the biological sciences to the social sciences, philosophy, and physiology.Ignoring the roles of holobionts in a particular behavior may lead to a potential cognitive bias regarded as the holobiont blindspot.Therefore, focusing on the holobiont blindspot and how the microbiome affected the brain and cognition will provide new insights into the evolution of human cognition and social behavior.更多还原