【摘要】 目的 分析北京市居民钙、铁、锌、硒、铜的膳食摄入情况。方法 资料来自《中国成人慢性病与营养监测(2015年)》中北京市数据，采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法开展膳食调查，根据《中国食物成分表》计算能量及营养素摄入量，并按照《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量：2013版》进行摄入状况评价。结果 2015年北京市居民每标准人日膳食钙、铁、锌、硒、铜摄入量的中位数分别为367.7 mg、21.1 mg、9.7 mg、42.3μg和1.8 mg;城区与近郊区、远郊区居民5种矿物质摄入量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分别有94.76%、75.44%、41.72%、8.06%和1.22%的居民存在膳食钙、硒、锌、铁、铜摄入不足的风险；男性膳食锌摄入不足的比例高于女性，而铁、硒的摄入状况则相反(P<0.05);不同年龄段居民不同矿物质的膳食摄入不足状况之间有差异，18～49岁居民膳食钙、50～64岁居民膳食铁摄入不足的比例相对较低(P<0.05);城区居民膳食矿物质摄入不足的比例低于近郊区和远郊区(P<0.05)。结论 北京市居民膳食钙、铁、锌、硒、铜的摄入状况在不同性别、年龄和地区间存在一定差异，膳食钙、硒、锌摄入不足的比例较大。建议继续加大营养改善力度，提高居民矿物质的摄入适宜水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the dietary intake of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper among Beijing residents.Methods Data was collected from the Beijing field of Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015, a dietary survey was conducted using the consecutive 3-days 24-hours dietary recall method, and energy as well as nutrient intakes were calculated according to the China Food Composition Tables, and the dietary quality were evaluated on the basis of 2013 Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes for the population.Results The median dietary intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper were 367.7 mg, 21.1 mg, 9.7 mg, 42.3 μg and 1.8 mg, respectively, per standard person day for residents in Beijing in 2015. The differences in five minerals inadequate intake among residents in urban areas, suburban and distant suburban areas were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were 94.76%, 75.44%, 41.72%, 8.06% and 1.22% of residents who were at risk of inadequate dietary calcium, selenium, zinc, iron and copper intake, respectively. The proportion of inadequate dietary zinc intake was higher in men than in women, in contrast, the intake status of iron and selenium was reversed(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the dietary minerals inadequate intake status among residents of different age groups, with relatively low proportions of inadequate dietary calcium intake among residents aged 18-49 years and dietary iron intake among residents aged 50-64 years(P<0.05). Moreover, the proportion of urban residents with inadequate dietary mineral intake was lower than that of suburban and distant suburban areas(P<0.05).Conclusions The dietary calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and copper intake situation varies by gender, age and region among Beijing residents, and the proportion of insufficient dietary calcium, selenium and zinc intake is high. It is recommended to continue to intensify nutritional improvement efforts and to raise the adequate level of mineral intakes for residents.更多还原