【摘要】 研究了石英砂粉填充的聚氨酯泡沫材料的热分解过程及其燃烧残炭的表面形貌与化学成分．表面形貌观察发现，石英砂粉的添加显著增加了炭层表面的耐火堆积物，由于石英砂粉的隔热、隔火作用，聚氨酯泡沫可以熔融塌陷，从而减少与空气接触面积，显著提高极限氧指数．添加红磷、氢氧化铝阻燃剂的聚氨酯泡沫材料在没有添加石英砂粉时，其氧指数为19，而添加30%石英砂粉后极限氧指数升到25．残炭的拉曼光谱和XPS分析表明，添加石英砂粉后，残炭中耐热阻燃的石墨化炭层含量增加．TGA结合DSC分析发现，石英砂粉的添加抑制了聚氨酯360℃处的高温裂解峰，而将这个高温裂解过程提高到560℃，这也与石英砂粉的隔热、隔火作用有关．石英砂粉是一种惰性材料，其良好的隔热性是显著改善聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性的根本原因．更多还原

【Abstract】 For a series of polyurethane samples with different contents of quartz sand powder,their thermal decomposition processes were investigated,and the surface morphologies and the chemical compositions of the burning residual charcoals were studied as well. It was found through surface morphological observation that the addition of quartz sand powder significantly increased the fire-resistant accumulation on the surface of the carbon layer. Because of the fire insulation of quartz sand powder,polyurethane foam could melt and collapse,causing the reduced contact area with the air,thus promoting the limiting oxygen index(LOI). Polyurethane foam material with red phosphorus and aluminum hydroxide but without quartz sand powder had a LOI of 19,which was increased to about 25 when quartz sand powder was added. The analysis of residual charcoal based on Raman and XPS showed that the contents of graphite carbon increased after the addition of quartz sand powder. Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)combined with differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis found that the addition of quartz sand powder inhibited the decomposition process at 360 ℃,which was raised to 560 ℃ instead. As an inert material,quartz sand powder with good thermal/fire insulation is the key reason for significantly improving the flame retardant properties of polyurethane foams.更多还原