【摘要】 黄河流域内流区水资源稀少、生态环境极其脆弱，深入了解土地利用与植被覆盖的时空演变规律对内流区生态系统恢复和改善有重要意义。利用长时序土地利用和归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据，分析了1980—2018年黄河流域内流区土地利用结构特征的时空动态演变规律。结果表明：(1)1980年以来，内流区耕地、草地、林地和城乡居民和工矿用地面积增大，未利用地和水域面积减小；以2000年为分界点，2000—2018年土地利用变化较1980—1999年更大，主要表现为未利用地转化为草地、耕地和林地。(2)2000年以来，内流区94%的面积NDVI以平均1.5%/a的速率增大，东部和南部增长较快；未转化类型的土地NDVI增大速率耕地>林地>草地>未利用地，未利用地转化为植被类型后NDVI增大速率普遍高于未利用地的。(3)降水量增加越快，NDVI增大越快，潜在蒸散发量增加导致NDVI下降；增加水资源、减少蒸散发量有利于内流区生态向好发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The inland flow area of the Yellow River Basin is characterized with scarce water resources and extremely fragile ecosystem. In-depth understanding of land use and vegetation spatial-temporal variations is of great importance for restoration and improvement of ecosystems in inland flow area. In the study, the spatial-temporal dynamic evolution of land use and structural characteristics in the inland flow area from 1980 to 2018 were investigated by using long-term land use and NDVI data. The results show that a) since 1980, the areas of farmland, grassland, woodland and artificial land have been enlarged while unused land and water body display a decreasing trend. Land use is changed strongly after 2000 than that before with a demarcation in 2000. During 2000-2018, land use change is mainly manifested in the conversion of unused land into grassland, farmland and woodland. b) In the inland flow area, approximately 94% of the total area is experienced an increasing in vegetation NDVI with an average rate of 1.5%/a. The NDVI increases faster in eastern and southern part than other areas in the inland flow area. As for unconverted land use types, the increased rate of NDVI is the largest for farmland, following by woodland, grassland and unused land. For converted types, vegetation generally has a larger greening rate than that of unconverted types. c) The more quickly the precipitation increases, the faster greening of vegetation and the increase of evapotranspiration will lead to the decline of NDVI. Increasing in water resources and decreasing in evapotranspiration will benefit for the improvement of ecological environment in the inland flow area.更多还原