【摘要】 下颌骨颊舌侧存在许多小孔，除下颌孔、颏孔以及牙槽窝以外的开孔称为副孔，其中位于下颌骨舌侧面的副孔称其为下颌舌侧孔。下颌舌侧孔有丰富的血供，而下颌骨舌侧孔延伸形成的管道内可有神经、血管分支穿过。以往学者将颏孔前区称为“种植安全区”,认为在此区域的手术风险低，但是后来部分文献报道种植术中或术后出现血肿，甚至引起窒息的病例，追踪血肿来源时该解剖结构的存在才引起学者们的重视。目前国内外已有大量研究表明下颌骨存在数量不等的舌侧孔，其中正中联合区及前磨牙区检出率较高。下颌舌侧孔解剖位置变异大，在相关种植手术、正颌外科手术中有重要临床意义，但是在临床工作中许多医生往往忽视其重要性。本文对该结构的特点作一综述，望引起临床医师的重视，并为临床提供理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many foramens in the lingual side of the mandible.The foramens except the mandibular foramen, mental foramen and alveolar fossa are called accessory foramen, and the accessory foramen located on the lingual side of the mandible is called lingual foramen of the mandible.The lingual foramen of mandible is rich in blood supply, while the pipeline formed by the extension of lingual foramen of mandible can be penetrated by nerve and blood vessel branches.In the past, scholars called the area in front of the mental foramen “the safe area for implantation”,thinking that the risk of surgery in this area was low.However, later, some literatures reported cases of hematoma or even asphyxia during or after implantation, and the existence of this anatomical structure caused attention of scholars when tracing the source of hematoma.At present, a large number of studies in China and abroad have shown that there are varying number of mandibular foramen lingual foramen in mandible, and the detection rate of median commissural area and premolar area is high.The anatomic variation of lingual foramen is great, which has important clinical significance in related implant surgery and orthognathic surgery, however, many doctors often ignore its importance in clinical work.This article reviews the characteristics of this structure, hoping to attract the attention of clinicians and provide theoretical guidance for clinic.更多还原