【摘要】 造孔剂法是泡沫铝制备的一种重要方法，本文设计并改进了球形颗粒硅胶模具及圆片状六边形网格硅胶模具。制备出（孔径为1 mm、2 mm、3 mm、4 mm）4种孔径的球形孔泡沫铝及球形孔与六边形通道复合的通孔泡沫铝（球形孔径为1 mm、2 mm,六边形通道直径为3 mm）,孔隙率控制在80%～90%之间。通过观察球形孔泡沫铝样品的横截面，其孔洞良好的表现了Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O的形状，且样品中具有大量的连通窗口。对横截面进行二值化处理分析，结果表明1 mm、2 mm、3 mm、4 mm的泡沫铝横截面单孔面积分布的峰值随着孔径的增大依次递增。而且泡沫铝横截面的孔洞均具有良好的圆形度，其圆形度效果随孔洞面积的增大略微提高。对于复合孔的泡沫铝其六边形通道良好的保存下来，并且在纵向上层层分布。六边形通道在一定程度上能增加泡沫铝的孔隙率。通过对泡沫铝的金相进行分析，发现样品烧制良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The space scaffold method is an important method for the preparation of aluminum foam. The spherical particle silicone mold and the disc-shaped hexagonal mesh silicone mold were designed and improved in this paper. Four kinds of pores of spherical porous aluminum foam（pore size: 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm） as well as spherical pores and hexagonal channel composite through-hole aluminum foam（spherical pore size is 1 mm and 2 mm, hexagonal channel diameter is 3 mm） were prepared, the porosity was controlled between 80%～90%. By observing the cross-section of the aluminum foam sample with spherical pores, the pores of the aluminum foam showed the shape of Na₂S₂O₃·5 H₂O well, and there were a large number of connecting windows in the sample. The binary processing and analysis were conducted on the cross-section, the results showed that the peaks of the single-pore area distribution of the cross-sections of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm aluminum foams increased with the increase of the pore diameter. Moreover, the holes in the cross-section of the aluminum foam all had good circularity, and the circularity effect was slightly improved with the increase of the hole area. For the aluminum foam with composite pores, the hexagonal channels were well preserved and distributed in layers in the longitudinal direction. The hexagonal channel can increase the porosity of the aluminum foam to a certain extent. Through the metallographic analysis of the aluminum foam, it was found that the sample was fired well.更多还原