【摘要】 北宋末与金朝、金末与蒙古间相隔百年的两次汴京战役中，凭借人力发射的抛石之战最为激烈，抛石技法和强弱之势惊人相似。在当时的城池攻防战中，抛石战器的威力无比。靖康金人攻汴，抛石较量技高一筹，异常猛烈，且利用一批宋人遗弃战器。本具优势的宋人卫城也用抛石，兼取假山石材，但力所不及，应对之法效果不佳，痛失京城；角色转换的金、蒙汴京战役，犹如靖康石战重演。蒙军抛石强势无比，原具优势且取宋之长的金人卫城，也取假山之石，且手握利器，同样力所不逮而后告败。两战中两次汴京失守，抛石战均发挥关键性的作用。宋、金先后败于同一城池，其根本原因不是城址布局、抛石战术和技艺等问题，而在于昏庸政治环境下人事谋划的失策。两战中飞石如雨的场面令人称奇，其成败喜悲更令人思虑悠长。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the two Bianjing(Kaifeng) battles between the late Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty,and between the Late Jin Dynasty and Mongolia, which span a hundred years, the battle of stone throwingby manpower was the fiercest and most remarkable, and the stone-throwing technique and power surprisinglyaffected the situation in the battlefield. This powerful weapon was incomparable in the attack and defense ofthe city at that time. The Jin people attacked Bianjing in the year of Jingkang, and they were superior instone-throwing skills and extremely aggressive, and they got use of a group of weapons abandoned by theSong people. The Song side had the potential superiority and was also able to hurl stones and rockery stonesat the enemy, but they failed, as their response was not so effective that they lost Bianjing, the capital city.The same story happened in the battle of Jin and Mongolia, in which the characters just changed. TheMongolian army was extremely strong in hurling stones. The Jin people, who not only took the advantages ofthe Song Dynasty, but also used the rockery stone and held a sharp weapon, were supposed to have anadvantage over Mongolia. But without enough strength, they failed too. In the two battles, Bianjing was losttwice, where the stone-throwing skill played a key role. The fundamental reason why the Song and Jin weredefeated in the same city was not the layout of the city, stone-throwing tactics and skills, but the faileddeployment of defense personnel in the incompetent political environment. The scene of flying stones rainedin the battlefields was spectacular, and the result of war was even more provoking.更多还原