【摘要】 [目的/意义]特定领域是指关乎国家间科技竞争地位，未来需要重点部署与发展的战略性科技领域，具有专业性强、优先级高等特征。构建特定领域的国家科技评估框架，可补充现有科技评估理论，有助于指导战略性评估工作顺利开展，辅助科技部门在“知己知彼”的情况下对特定领域科技发展进行战略部署。[方法/过程]突破现有的平行评估维度的局限性，考虑国家科技评估需求、特定领域特征，依据综合评估理论、态势评估思想，构建针对特定领域的包含评估流程、评估内容和方法的国家科技评估框架。框架强调对评估领域划分技术体系，以“态”和“势”作为两大分析视角，从宏观、中观、微观3个层面结合适当的模型选择评估指标完成评估并提出建议。[结果/结论]在构建的一般性评估框架指导下，选择类脑智能领域进行评估，从宏观科技战略环境、中观科技论文产出、微观技术研究方向3个层次对比评估中美两国的科技发展态势，并进一步对我国未来科技发展提出建议，验证了评估框架的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Purpose/significance] Specific domains refer to the strategic domains of science and technology that are related to the state of national competition and need to be deployed and developed in the future.It has the characteristics of strong professionalism, high priority, etc.By constructing a national science and technology assessment framework for specific domain, it can complement the existing assessment theories, help guide the smooth development of the strategic assessment work, and assist the relevant departments to make strategic deployments for the domains development under the condition of know oneself and the opponents.[Method/process] This paper breaks through the limitations of the existing parallel assessment dimensions, considers the needs of national science and technology assessment and the characteristics of specific domains, and constructs a national science and technology assessment framework that includes procedure, main content and methods for specific domains based on comprehensive assessment theory and situation assessment ideas.The framework emphasizes dividing the technical system of the assessment domain, takes “state” and “potential” as two analysis perspectives, and selects evaluation indicators from the macro, medium and micro levels combined with appropriate models to complete the assessment and form recommendations.[Result/conclusion] Under the guidance of the general assessment framework constructed, this paper selects the domain of brain-inspired intelligence, and compares and assesses the scientific and technical development situation between China and the United States from the perspectives of macro-level scientific and technical strategic environment, meso-level related paper output, and micro-level technology research directions.Through this process, this paper further puts forward recommendations for China’s future development, which verifies the effectiveness of the assessment framework.更多还原