【摘要】 生态宜居是乡村振兴战略的重要目标之一，其实现过程必然会对农民的生计和生活产生重要影响，因此应重视纳入农民视角。本研究通过微观层面的调研，考察了村庄和农民变迁的新特点，以及在生态宜居建设方面的基层实践逻辑和农民的主体性表达。研究发现，当前农村生计和乡村形态正在经历一场根本性的重构，农民群体已经高度分化，对生态宜居的认知和需求也日益多元化。在现实中，政府主导的生态宜居建设实践与农民的紧迫需求之间存在较多偏离，同时农业的绿色转型、生态保护与修复等生态宜居建设目标一定程度上被忽略。并且，部分生态政策和行动的实施以及风险产业的引入，也可能给乡村带来负面社会后果。要有效实现生态宜居目标，未来相关政策和行动应重视适应农民需求和农村变迁的新特点，做出一些必要调整。更多还原

【Abstract】 Building pleasant living environments in rural areas is one of the major goals of the rural vitalization strategy of China, and its realization will inevitably have an important impact on the livelihoods and daily lives of rural people, thus farmers’ perspectives should be carefully taken into consideration. Through the investigation at the local level, this study examines the new characteristics of the changes in the villages and of the rural residents, as well as the grassroots logic in practice and farmers’ subjectivity in the construction process of pleasant living environments. It is found that, there is a fundamental reconfiguration of the rural livelihoods and village forms in China, with increasingly diversified cognition and demand for pleasant living environments from highly differentiated farmer groups; the government-led projects to build pleasant living environments in rural China normally could not meet the urgent need of the local residents, while other ecological transformation goals such as the green transformation of agriculture, ecological conservation and restoration are out of the question in most of the practices. Moreover, the implementation of some environmental policies and actions and the introduction of some polluting industries may also result in negative social consequences. To effectively build pleasant living environments in Rural China, policies and actions should focus on how to accommodate farmers’ needs and the changing rural society.更多还原