【摘要】 近20年来，我国苜蓿产业得到前所未有的发展，特别是自2012年以来，在“振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动”政策扶持下，苜蓿产业发展态势强劲，主要表现为：一是苜蓿产业的基础地位不断提高；二是苜蓿产业规模化生产不断扩大；三是苜蓿生产管理智能化程度不断提升；四是苜蓿龙头企业和外包服务组织不断壮大；五是苜蓿产业机械化程度不断提高。在我国苜蓿产业蓬勃发展的同时，也面临着诸多挑战，主要来自越来越严重的水资源和耕地资源的制约，以及生产成本不断上涨、苜蓿草价格高位运行和奶牛养殖企业对优质苜蓿草数量和质量的不断追高，给我国苜蓿产业的健康、持续、稳定和高质量发展带来巨大的压力。面对国家大力扶持苜蓿产业发展的机遇和存在的挑战，我们应加大苜蓿产业的科技创新力度，深挖资源配置潜力，大力发展节水苜蓿、雨养苜蓿和盐碱地苜蓿，适度发展“三地苜蓿”(即退耕地、撂荒地和沙地苜蓿)。同时，也要面对有机奶业快速发展对有机苜蓿需求量的日益增加，加快有机苜蓿的发展和生产。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over the past 20 years, alfalfa production in China has made great progress. Especially since 2012, with the support of the “alfalfa development action to revitalize the dairy industry”, the alfalfa industry had developed strongly. The main performances were as follows: firstly, the basic status of alfalfa industry has been strengthened continuously; secondly, the scale of alfalfa industry was expanding; thirdly, the intelligent degree of alfalfa production management had been continuously improved; fourthly, alfalfa leading enterprises and outsourcing service organizations continued to grow; fifth, the mechanization degree of alfalfa industry had been continuously improved. With the vigorous development of alfalfa industry, many challenges and pressures were followed, mainly from the increasingly serious constraints of water and land resources, as well as the rising production costs, the high price operation of alfalfa and the continuous highest demand for high quality and quantity alfalfa by dairy farming enterprises, which brought great pressure to the healthy, sustainable, stable and high-quality development of alfalfa industry in China. Facing the opportunities and challenges of vigorously supporting alfalfa industry development, we should strengthen the scientific and technological innovation of alfalfa industry, tap the potential of resources allocation, vigorously develop water-saving alfalfa, rainfed alfalfa and alfalfa in saline alkali land, and moderately develop “alfalfa in the three land ”(alfalfa in returning farmland, abandoned land and sandy land). At the same time, the demand for organic alfalfa is increasing with the rapid development of organic dairy industry, so as to accelerate the development and production of organic alfalfa.更多还原