【摘要】 为探究浅水土表覆盖秸秆对土壤盐渍化的缓解效果和对蕹菜生长的影响，在大棚内利用硝态氮含量均在1 200 mg·kg^-1以上的重度盐渍化土壤采用塑料栽培箱浅水种植蕹菜，以不覆盖秸秆作对照，设置覆盖切段5 cm的水稻秸秆150 g(7 500 kg·hm^-2,R150₅)、切段40 cm的小麦秸秆150 g(7 500 kg·hm^-2,W150₄₀)、小麦整株秸秆150 g(7 500 kg·hm^-2,W150)和切段10 cm小麦秸秆300 g(15 000 kg·hm^-2,W300₁₀)共5种处理，测定不同处理下土壤硝态氮、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及蕹菜的产量和品质等指标。结果表明，覆盖秸秆处理土壤的硝态氮含量较对照均显著降低，降幅均在50%以上。除W300₁₀处理土壤有机碳含量增加外，其余覆盖秸秆处理土壤的有机碳含量均降低，但降幅小于对照。除W150₄₀处理外，其余处理土壤的速效钾含量均增加。覆盖秸秆处理的蕹菜总产量均高于对照，其中，R150₅处理的增产效果最显著。综上所述，浅水土表覆盖秸秆消耗了土壤中富余的硝酸盐，缓解了土壤盐渍化，同时为土壤提供了有机碳，增加了土壤速效钾含量，使蕹菜产量显著提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the effects of straw mulching in shallow water on mitigation of soil salinization and growth of water spinach,5 treatments were set useing a plastic cultivation box with a nitrate nitrogen content of more than 1 200 mg·kg^-1to grow water spinach in the greenhouse,which included 150 g(7 500 kg·hm^-2)rice straw with5 cm（R150₅）,150 g(7 500 kg·hm^-2)wheat straw with 40 cm(W150₄₀),150 g(7 500 kg·hm^-2)whole wheat stalk（W150）,300 g(15 000 kg·hm^-2)wheat stalk with 10 cm(W300₁₀)and no mulching straw（CK）.The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen,organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and water spinach yield and quality were determined.The results showed that the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen in straw mulching treatments were significantly lower than that of CK,and the decrease ranges were all above 50%.Except for W300₁₀treatment,the soil organic carbon contents in the other treatments all decreased,but the decrease ranges were smaller than that of CK.The contents of available potassium in the soil of straw mulching treatments increased except for the W150₄₀treatment.The total yields of water spinach in straw mulching treatments were higher than that of CK,and the R150₅treatment showed higher yield.In conclusion,straw mulching in shallow water could alleviate soil salinization,increase the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium,and significantly increase the yield of water spinach.更多还原