【摘要】 以漆树籽油和漆蜡为原料，以油脂脱色率值为指标，研究漆油及漆蜡的脱色工艺条件。通过比较不同脱色剂对漆树籽油和漆蜡脱色效果的影响，确定最优脱色剂；并采用单因素试验与正交试验探讨漆树籽油与漆蜡脱色最佳工艺条件。结果表明，试验选择的6种脱色剂（活性炭、凹凸棒土、活性白土、活性氧化铝、沸石、Si O₂分子筛）中，对漆油脱色效果最优的是分子筛；对漆蜡脱色效果最好的是活性白土及活性炭。正交试验确定了漆油脱色中SiO₂分子筛最佳添加剂量为4%，脱色温度50℃，脱色时间50 min，在此条件下漆树籽油重复3次脱色率达到75.36%，油脂脱色效果良好；漆蜡脱色最佳条件是添加5%活性白土温度120℃加热60 min；粗滤后的漆蜡再加入3%活性炭温度120℃加热60 min,200目滤纸过滤，重复3次脱色率37.42%，漆蜡的白度值达到78，脱色效果较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The decolorization conditions were studied with lacquer seed oil and wax as raw materials,and the rate of decolorization was taken as the evaluation index. The effects of different decolorizers on the decolorization of lacquer seed oil and lacquer wax were compared to determine the optimal decolorizer. The optimum conditions of decolorization were studied by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the molecular sieve had the best decolorizing effect on lacquer oil among the six decolorizing agents（activated carbon,zeolite,attapulgite,activated clay,activated alumina and SiO₂molecular sieve）,while the activated clay and carbon had the best decolorizing effect on lacquer wax. The orthogonal test showed that the optimum dosage of molecular sieve of SiO₂was 4%,the decolorization temperature was 50 ℃ and the decolorization time was 50 min. Under these conditions,the decolorization rate of lacquer seed oil reached 75.36% after 3 times of decolorization.The optimal condition of lacquer wax decolorization was adding 5% active clay,heating at 120 ℃ for 60 min and filtration with filter cloth,then 3% activated carbon was added and heated at 120 ℃ for 60min to filtered with 200 mesh filter paper.Under those condition,the decolorization rate of lacquer wax was 37.42% while the white value was 78 after 3 times of decolorization.更多还原