【摘要】 在宣扬自由、民主、人权的西方社会，种族主义盛行不衰的重要根源之一是西方文明，尤其是英美文明中的个人主义。现代西方种族主义的嬗变大致经历了三个历史阶段，而个人主义均与其有着千丝万缕的联系：在种族主义的发轫阶段，追逐个人利益最大化的个人主义助推黑人奴隶制的制度基础从宗教差异转变为种族差异，并促成了宗教神学话语的理论论证。在启蒙运动阶段，自由主义思想家对种族主义的辩护，使他们所宣扬的社会契约实际上成为自由平等幻象下的“种族契约”,契约论所蕴含的政治个人主义孕育了公民民族主义，助推了民族国家的形成；公民民族主义的竞争性和支配欲与民族国家的排他性为种族主义提供了动力，使得西方的自由民主建立在种族清洗的顶峰之上。在奴隶制被废除和殖民统治瓦解之后的阶段，以文化种族主义和色盲种族主义为主要形式的当代新种族主义，借着反种族主义话语的掩饰，将维护白人特权的种族主义潜藏于文化差异或个人主义话语当中。个人主义是种族主义的重要思想根源之一，这一认识对于认清西方文明的内在困境，消除种族主义，构建真正的人类命运共同体，有着重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Why does the racism persist in western societies where the freedom,democracy and human rights are advocated?This paper argues that one of the important causes is individualism in western civilization,especially in Anglo-American civilization.The evolution of modern racism has roughly experienced three historical stages,and individualism is inextricably linked with it.In the initial stage of racism,individualism pursuing the maximization of personal interests helped transform the institutional basis of black slavery from religious difference to racial difference,and contributed to the theoretical demonstration of religious theological discourse.In the enlightenment era,liberal thinkers’ defense for racism actually transformed the social contract they preached into the“racial contract”under the illusion of freedom and equality.The political individualism contained in contract theory gave birth to civic nationalism and promoted the formation of nation-state.The competition and dominance of civic nationalism and the exclusivity of nation-states provided the impetus for racism,as well as built western liberal democracy on the peak of ethnic cleansing.After the abolition of slavery and the collapse of colonial rule,the contemporary neo-racism,mainly in the form of cultural racism and colorblind racism,hides the racism that maintains white privilege in the discourse of cultural difference or individualism under the cover of antiracism discourse.Therefore,individualism is an important ideological source of racism,which is of great significance for understanding the internal dilemma of Western civilization,eliminating the scourge of racism and building a real community with a shared future for mankind.更多还原