【摘要】 马铃薯种植中普遍存在施肥不合理的现象。试验通过马铃薯肥效试验，探究不同减肥技术对春季和秋季马铃薯产量、商品薯率和经济效益的影响。相比习惯施肥（N:P₂O₅:K₂O=15:15:15），春季和秋季种植马铃薯时基肥配施有机肥可以提高马铃薯产量，增加商品薯率，当基肥中加入300 kg/667m²的商品有机肥（总养分≥6%，有机质≥45%）时，经济效益最佳；施用配方肥两季马铃薯均很好的实现了节本增效，其中基施30 kg/667m²的配方肥（N:P₂O₅:K₂O=20:15:10），追肥施用20 kg/667m²的配方肥（N:P₂O₅:K₂O=12:8:25）表现最优，春季和秋季较习惯施肥分别增效12.45%和12.16%；秋季马铃薯一次性施肥较习惯施肥产量差异不显著，在化肥总养分减少的情况下，仍可增加农民收益。综上，配方施肥和有机替代施肥模式能减少化肥投入，提高马铃薯产量，增加经济效益，相比常规施肥更适合宁海县马铃薯种植。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of unreasonable fertilization is widespread in potato planting.This experiment was to investigate the effects of different fertilizer reduction techniques on yield,marketable tuber percentage and economic benefit of potato grown in spring and autumn.Compared with conventional fertilization （N:P₂O₅:K₂O=15:15:15）,organic fertilization increased yield and marketable tuber percentage of potato grown in spring and autumn.When 300 kg/667m²commercial organic fertilizer （total nutrient≥6%,organic matter≥45%） was added into the base fertilizer,the economic benefit was the best.Applying formula fertilizer in two seasons also saved cost and increased efficiency,among which,using base fertilizer （N:P₂O₅:K₂O=20:15:10） of 30 kg/667m²and topdressing fertilizer （N:P₂O₅:K₂O=12:8:25） of 20 kg/667m²was the best,with the efficiency being 12.45%and 12.16%higher than those of conventional fertilizer in spring and autumn,respectively.There was no significant difference in yield between one-time fertilization and conventional fertilization in autumn,but farmers could still obtain benefits even though the total nutrient of chemical fertilizer decreased.In conclusion,formula fertilization treatment and organic substitution treatment could reduce fertilizer input,increase the potato yield and improve the economic efficiency,so they are more suitable for potato cultivation in Ninghai County than conventional fertilization.更多还原