【摘要】 【目的】在长江流域棉区夏直播种植模式下，研究不同棉花品种的成铃时间及其与产量的关系，明确该模式下棉花的最佳成铃时间及适宜的品种，为夏直播模式的推广提供理论依据。【方法】选用3个南方品种（晶华棉116、ZD2040和华棉3097）和2个北方品种（中棉425和中棉619），采用随机区组设计，于2019―2020年在华中农业大学试验农场开展大田试验，采用株式图记录成铃过程，考察不同棉花品种的生育时期、棉铃时间分布、干物质累积动态、产量及其构成因素。【结果】在夏直播种植模式下，2019年棉花生育期在90 d左右，出苗后44～63 d为现蕾高峰期，出苗后63～82 d为成铃高峰期，出苗后92～118 d为棉铃吐絮高峰期；由于降水量较大和低温的影响，2020年棉花生育期较2019年延长了23～40 d，棉蕾、花、吐絮棉铃数量快速增长期的平均起始时间分别推迟了19 d、17 d、34 d，籽棉产量和皮棉产量均明显降低。2年平均来看，南方品种华棉3097拔秆期库器官干物质积累量和棉株干物质积累量较其他品种分别高9.6%～43.0%和14.7%～54.3%，皮棉产量较其他品种高12.5%～22.6%。相关性分析表明，皮棉产量与棉铃数量快速增长期及库器官干物质快速累积期的起始时间和持续时间均呈显著正相关关系。【结论】在夏直播种植模式下，晚伏桃占比最大，其次为早秋桃。此外，南方品种华棉3097在不同气象条件下的产量均表现较好，更适合在长江流域棉区种植。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] This study aimed to explore the optimal boll-setting period of summer direct seeding mode and suitable cultivars in the Yangtze River Valley by studying the relationship between the boll temporal distribution and yield of different cotton cultivars, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of this mode. [Method] The experiment was conducted in the farm of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2019 and 2020. A random block design was used with 3 cotton cultivars(JH116, ZD2040 and HM3097) from Southern region and 2 cultivars(Z425 and Z619) from Northern region.Plant-mapping was used to investigate boll temporal distribution; cotton growth stages, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components were also investigated. [Result] Under the summer direct seeding mode, the cotton growth period was about 90 in 2019. The peak squaring period is about 44-63 d after emergence, the peak boll-setting period is about 63-82 d after emergence,and the peak boll-opening period is about 92-118 d after emergence. In 2020, due to the high precipitation and the low temperature, cotton growth period was extended by 23-40 d, and the start time of rapid growth period of the number of buds,flowers and open bolls was delayed by 19 d, 17 d, and 34 d, respectively; seed cotton yield and lint yield decreased obviously.On average of the two years, the sink biomass and plant biomass of cultivar HM3097 at the plant removal stage were 9.6%-43.0% and 14.7%-54.3% higher than other cultivars, respectively, and its lint yield was 12.5%-22.6% higher than other cultivars.Correlation analysis showed that lint yield was significantly positively correlated with the initial time and the duration of rapid accumulation period of cotton boll number and sink dry matter accumulation. [Conclusion] Under summer direct seeding mode, the proportion of late summer bolls is the largest, followed by early autumn bolls. Cultivar HM3097 from Southern region is more suitable for cultivating in the Yangtze River Valley due to its better yield performance under different weather conditions.更多还原