【摘要】 【目的】研究不同灌水频率和灌溉定额对无膜棉蕾铃时空分布特征和产量形成的影响，为制定南疆无膜植棉灌溉制度提供参考。【方法】2020―2021年以中棉619为供试品种，无膜种植，采用单因素随机区组设计，第一年设置3个灌水处理，分别为花铃期灌水4次（W4）、6次（W6）、8次（W8），灌水间隔分别为12 d、8 d、6d；第二年设置4个灌水处理，在第一年基础上增加了处理W7，即在花铃期灌水7次、灌水间隔7 d,2年各处理灌水定额均为69 mm,W8最后一次灌水定额为52.2 mm;2年均以花铃期灌水8次、灌水定额为45 mm的地膜棉作为对照（CK）。调查棉花各生育时期株式图和产量及构成。【结果】对横向和纵向各部位棉铃成铃率的统计分析表明：吐絮期W4上部果枝及外围成铃数和成铃率低于其他处理，W6与W8各部位成铃数和成铃率相近，W7成铃数和成铃率高于W4、W6、W8。吐絮期棉铃的脱落率分析结果显示：2年均表现出外围铃和上部果枝棉铃脱落率高的规律，但各处理的脱落部位和脱落率不同。产量构成因素和水分利用效率分析结果表明：W7处理单位面积铃数、铃重、籽棉产量均显著高于W4，而与CK差异不显著，水分利用效率高于W6和W8。【结论】无膜棉花铃期灌水频率和灌溉定额过高或者过低都会影响棉花成铃数和棉铃时空分布，显著影响铃重，进而影响产量。W7可以为南疆无膜棉灌溉制度的制定提供参考，即蕾期灌水2次，灌水周期为10 d，花铃期灌水7次，灌水周期为7 d，灌溉定额为573 mm。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] This study aims to investigate the effect of irrigation frequency and irrigation quota on the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of reproductive organs and yield of filmless cotton, so as to provide references for the irrigation system to the cultivation of filmless cotton in Southern Xinjiang. [Method] From 2020 to 2021, using Zhongmian 619 as the test variety, the single-factor random block design was adopted. In the field trial of the first year, treatments of 3 irrigation frequencies were set, including 4 times(W4), 6 times(W6), and 8 times(W8) irrigation during the flowering and boll-setting period. The corresponding irrigation interval of each treatment was 12 d,8 d and 6 d, respectively. In the second year, treatments of 4 irrigation frequencies were set, and the W7 treatment of 7 times irrigation with 7 days irrigations interval was included during the flowering and boll-setting period on the basis of the first year’s experimental setup. The irrigation quota of all treatments of filmless cotton in two years were 69 mm per time, besides the last round of irrigation in W8 treatment which used 52.2 mm water. The cotton with mulching film was set as control(CK) with irrigation frequency of 8 times and irrigation quota of 45 mm per time during the flowering and boll-setting stage in both years. The plant architecture map of each cotton developmental stage was collected, and the actual yield and corresponding traits were evaluated. [Result] The statistical analysis of the boll formation rate at each fruit node was conducted on the horizontal and vertical directions during the boll-opening stage. The results showed that the number of bolls and the boll-formation rate of the upper fruit branches and peripheral bolls of W4 were lower than those of other treatments. And the boll number and boll-formation rate are similar in W6 and W8. In 2021,the number of bolls and the rate of boll formation in W7 were higher than those in W4, W6, and W8. The result of the shedding rate of bolls in the boll-opening period showed that the shedding rate of the peripheral bolls and the upper fruit branches were higher in two years, but the specific site of the shedding bolls and the shedding rate varies among treatments. The analysis of yield components showed that W7 had significantly higher number of bolls per unit area, higher boll weight, and higher seed cotton yield than W4, but were not significantly different from CK. And the water use efficiency of W7 was higher than that of W6 and W8. [Conclusion] Application of extreme high or low irrigation frequency and irrigation quota during the flowering and boll-setting period affect the number of bolls, spatio-temporal distribution of cotton bolls, shedding rate as well as boll weight of filmless cotton, which in turn affects yield. In this study, the W7 treatment can provide a reference for the designing of the irrigation system for filmless cotton production in Southern Xinjiang. In detail, the recommended irrigation frequency is 2 times in the squaring period with the irrigation interval of 10 days, 7 times irrigation in the flowering and boll-setting period with the irrigation interval of 7 days, and the irrigation quota in total is 573 mm.更多还原