【摘要】 研究华北落叶松林、山杨-白桦林、华北落叶松-白桦林、油松-华北落叶松林、白桦林5种类型防护林的枯落物和土壤水文效应。研究方法为浸泡法和环刀法。结果表明：1)枯落物蓄积量范围为11.26～17.75 t/hm~2,山杨-白桦林最大，油松-华北落叶松林次之，白桦林最小，华北落叶松林、油松-华北落叶松林未分解层蓄积量大于半分解层，山杨-白桦林、白桦林、华北落叶松-白桦林规律相反。2)枯落物最大持水量为31.27～51.75 t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量为23.69～27.70 t/hm~2,均表现为山杨-白桦林最大，华北落叶松林最小，持水量(率)、拦蓄量(率)半分解层均大于未分解层。枯落物持水量和持水率与浸泡时间分别呈对数函数和指数函数。3)土壤容重为1.18～1.23 g/cm~3,总孔隙度为43.75%～58.47%。土壤有效持水量为64.71～131.09 t/hm~2,山杨-白桦林最大，白桦林次之，华北落叶松林最小，土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈幂函数关系。4) 5种林分水源涵养能力大小排序为山杨-白桦林>华北落叶松-白桦林>白桦林>油松-华北落叶松林>华北落叶松林，阔叶混交林、针阔混交林水源涵养能力较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The litter and soil hydrological effects of five types of shelterbelts were studied, including Larix principis-rupprechtii forest, Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest, Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest, Betula platyphylla forest.Research methods were soaking method and the ring knife method.The results showed that: 1) The litter accumulation ranged from 11.26 to 17.75 t/hm~2,with that of the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest being the highest, followed by the Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest, and that of the Betula platyphylla forest being the lowest.The accumulation of undecomposed layer in the Larix principis-rupprechtii forest and the Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest were greater than that of the semi-decomposition layer, and the law of the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest, the Betula platyphylla forest, and the Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest were opposite.2) The maximum water-holding capacity of the litter was 31.27～51.75 t/hm~2,and the effective storage capacity was 23.69～27.70 t/hm~2,both of them were the highest in the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest, the lowest in the Larix principis-rupprechtii forest.The water-holding capacity(rate) and retention capacity(rate) of semi-decomposed layer were greater than those of undecomposed layer.The water-holding capacity and water-holding rate of litter were logarithmic and exponential functions with soaking time, respectively.3) The soil bulk density ranged from 1.18 to 1.23 g/cm~3,and the total porosity ranged from 43.75% to 58.47%.The soil effective water-holding capacity ranged from 64.71 to 131.09 t/hm~2,with that of the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest being the highest, followed by the Betula platyphylla forest, and that of the Larix principis-rupprechtii forest being the lowest.The soil infiltration rate and infiltration time showed a power function relationship.4) By sequence, water conservation capacity order of the five forests was Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest>Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest>Betula platyphylla forest>Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest>Larix principis-rupprechtii forest.Broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest had better water conservation capacity.更多还原