【摘要】 子宫内膜异位症(Endometriosis, EMT)定义为子宫体以外的部位存在生长活跃的子宫内膜组织，导致痛经、慢性盆腔痛和不孕，约10%的育龄妇女患有此病。卵巢型子宫内膜异位囊肿(Ovarian endometrioma, OMA)是EMT女性最常见的一种类型。目前，OMA的治疗以手术为主，手术可以去除异位病灶、缓解疼痛、改善不孕、提高妊娠率，但OMA的高复发率成为其治疗的难点，避免或者延迟OMA的术后复发是目前需要解决的难题。若患者存在某些危险因素，可能影响患者的预后，这些危险因素包括手术年龄、囊肿大小、痛经、rASRM评分、CA125水平、合并子宫腺肌症等。此外，术后妊娠是预防OMA术后复发的一个保护因素。同时，EMT被认为是一种“慢性病”,需要术后长期管理，而术后药物治疗作为长期管理的重要方式，可以有效减少OMA复发。本文就OMA术后复发危险因素及术后药物治疗进行综述，为预防复发及术后治疗提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Endometriosis(EMT) is defined as the presence of active growth of endometrial tissue outside the body of the uterus, which leads to dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility.Approximately 10% of childbearing age women have this condition.Ovarian endometrioma(OMA) is the most common type in women with endometriosis.Currently, surgery is the main treatment for ovarian endometrioma, which can remove the ectopic lesion, relieve pain, improve infertility and increase pregnancy rate.However, the high recurrence rate of OMA has become a challenge in treatment.Avoiding or delaying the postoperative recurrence of OMA is currently a difficult problem that needs to be solved.Some risk factors related to the recurrence of ovarian endometriosis may influence the prognosis of patients, including age at the time of surgery, cyst size, dysmenorrhea, r-ASRM score, CA125 level, and the presence of adenomyosis.In addition, postoperative pregnancy is a protective factor for OMA recurrence.Meanwhile, EMT is considered as a “chronic disease”,which requires long-term management after surgery.Postoperative medical therapy, as an important way of long-term management, can effectively reduce the recurrence of OMA.This article reviews the risk factors and drug therapy for postoperative recurrence of OMA,in order to provide basis for prevention of the recurrence and postoperative treatment.更多还原