【摘要】 在宁夏南部山区红梅杏林布置集流渗灌器，研究对比集流渗灌系统条件下和裸地土壤水分对降水的响应特征，使用EC5土壤水分传感器和EM50数据采集器对0～10、11～20、21～30、31～40 cm土层土壤含水率及试验期间的雨量进行观测，分析4场典型降水事件以及土壤含水率对降水的响应过程。结果表明：(1)研究区4—8月总雨量为152.4 mm，以小雨为主,小于5 mm的降水事件占观测期总降水事件的71.43%，发生大雨的频率较低。(2)集流渗灌条件下31～40 cm土层土壤平均含水率最大，各土层土壤含水率均大于裸地，土壤含水率变异系数从上到下逐层增大；自然裸地不同土层土壤含水率变异系数由上到下逐层减小。(3)在一次降水过程中，集流渗灌条件下不同土层土壤水分对降水的响应程度由上到下依次增强，响应的时间前后依次为31～40 cm、21～30 cm、11～20 cm、0～10 cm。可见，集流渗灌装置对较深土层土壤水分的补给效果优于裸地，在干旱少雨季节体现出良好的储水优势，有助于减轻红梅杏等浅根系经济林干旱缺水的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The response characteristics of soil moisture to precipitation under the condition of catchment-infiltration irrigation system were studied and compared with those under the condition of bare land by arranging infiltrators in the Hongmei apricot orchards in southern mountainous area of Ningxia. EC5 soil moisture sensor and EM50 data collector were used to observe the moisture content and precipitation in soils of 0～10 cm, 11～20 cm, 21～30 cm and 31～40 cm, and the response process of four typical precipitation events and soil moisture content to precipitation was analyzed. The results show that the total rainfall, mainly light rains, in the study area from April to August is 152.4 mm. The precipitations with rainfall of less than5 mm account for 71.43 % of the total precipitations in the observation period, and the frequency of heavy rain is low. The average soil moisture content of 31～40 cm soil layer was the largest under the condition of catchment infiltration irrigation,which was greater than that of bare land, and the coefficient of variation of each soil layer increased from top to bottom. The variation coefficient of natural bare land in different soil layers decreases from top to bottom. In the process of each rainfall,the response degree of soil moisture in different soil layers to rainfall increased from top to bottom under the condition of catchment irrigation, and the response time in descending order was 31～40 cm > 21～30 cm > 11～20 cm > 0～10 cm. It thus concludes that the recharge effect of the catchment infiltration irrigation device on the deeper soil layer is better than that of the bare land, and it shows good water storage advantage in the dry and rainy season. At the same time, the catchment infiltration irrigation device can alleviate the problem of drought and water shortage in shallow root economic forests such as Hongmei apricot trees.更多还原