【摘要】 天然多糖来源广、品种多、生物相容性好，结构和功能各具特色，既具有结构材料的特性，又具有多种生物活性。随着人们生活质量的进一步提高，天然多糖的需求量和消费量越来越大，这对多糖的结构、性能和生物活性提出了更高的要求。笔者从结构化学修饰及应用、定向降解及应用、伤口敷料、药物载体、日化用保湿和防晒等方面对多糖改性及应用的近期研究进展进行了总结，以期为多糖资源利用的产业升级提供依据。综述认为：采用定向降解或复合降解更有利于提高降解多糖的生物活性和工业利用价值；多糖伤口敷料和药物载体在现代医学体系的新药与治疗方案中将会发挥更大的作用；多糖因其较强的亲水性、良好的成膜性和绿色安全性等特性及优势受到日化护肤品行业的特别青睐，其在皮肤表面可形成锁水膜，有助于持久保湿，并且抗衰老功效显著，因而其在保湿、防晒、延缓衰老和美白修护方面具有极大的开发潜力和应用价值；在多糖分子水平上深入研究其保湿和抗衰老效果、防紫外损伤等可为日化用多糖产品开发提供重要依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural polysaccharides have a wide range of sources, many varieties, good biocompatibility, unique structure and function. Polysaccharides not only have the characteristics of structural materials, but also have a variety of biological activities. With the further improvement of people’s quality of life, the demand and consumption of natural polysaccharides have increased. At the same time, higher requirements have been put forward for the structure, performance, and biological activity of polysaccharides. Due to its unique functions and characteristics, the value-added range of processing and utilization of polysaccharide resources is much higher than that of traditional agricultural and forestry products. Most application fields of characteristic polymer polysaccharides are irreplaceable by other products. Macromolecular polysaccharides can be divided into plant polysaccharides, animal polysaccharides, microbial polysaccharides, and seaweed polysaccharides according to their sources, among which plant polysaccharides have many varieties and complex functions. According to the properties of polysaccharide aqueous solution, it can be divided into high concentration with low viscosity polysaccharide, low concentration with high viscosity polysaccharide, and gel polysaccharide. This paper summarizes the recent research results of polysaccharide modification and application from the aspects of structural chemical modification and application, directional degradation and application, wound dressing, drug carrier, daily-used moisturizing and sunscreen, in order to provide a basis for the industrial upgrading and utilization of polysaccharide resources. Directional degradation or composite degradation is beneficial to improve the biological activity and industrial value of degraded polysaccharides. Polysaccharide wound dressings and drug carriers would play a great role in the new drugs and treatment schemes of modern medical system. Polysaccharides are especially favored by the skin care industry because of their strong hydrophilicity, easy film formation, and green safety. Polysaccharides can form a water locking film on the skin surface, which is helpful for moisturizing skins for a long time and has an anti-aging effect at the same time. Therefore, polysaccharides have great development potential and application value in moisturizing, sunscreen, anti-aging, whitening, and repairing. The in-depth study on the moisturizing and anti-aging effects and UV damage of polysaccharides at the molecular level can provide an important basis for the development of daily-use polysaccharides.更多还原